ЧАСТИ РЕЧИ 9 страница

3. He (work) a lot lately.

4. Mary (feel) a little depressed.

5. Lisa (not/practice) her English.

6. What he (do) last month?

7. She (study) at that University for three years.

8. What you (do) for the last 30 days?

9. Peter (teach) at the University since June.

10. We (wait) here for over two hours!

11. Why she (not/attend) her lectures for the last two days?

12. They (talk) for the last hour.

PAST SIMPLE

Past Simple используется, когда говорят о законченных действиях в законченный период времени. Например: Yesterday evening, I played tennis with a friend. I went to school in 1990. j When I was at school, I liked history. Five minutes ago, I finished the report for my boss. Last week I attended a meeting in a conference hall.

ПРАВИЛЬНЫЕ И НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

По способу образования прошедшего времени все глаголы в английском языке можно разделить на две группы: правиль­ные и неправильные. У правильных глаголов вторая и третья формы (Past Indefinite Tense и Past Participle — простое про­шедшее время и причастие прошедшего времени) совпадают между собой и образуются путем прибавления к основе глаго­ла окончания -ed(-d):

to ask — asked to change — changed

to receive — received to work — worked При этом существует ряд особенностей: а) если глагол оканчивается на -у с предшествующей со­гласной, то буква у меняется на i и добавляется окончание -ed:

to supply — supplied to apply— applied

Если глагол оканчивается на -у с предшествующей глас­ной, то буква у не меняется и добавляется окончание -ed.

to stay — stayed to play — played

б) если глагол оканчивается на согласную с предшествую­щим кратким гласным звуком, то согласная на конце удваи­вается:

to stop — stopped

После звонких согласных и гласных звуков окончание -ed или -d произносится как [d] loved, said, а после глухих соглас­ных как [tj looked.

После звуков [d] и [t] на конце слова окончание -ed (-d) произносится как [id] landed, started.

Неправильные глаголы образуют вторую и третью формы различными способами, без четких правил. Это наиболее ча­сто употребляемые глаголы. В конце книги приведен список часто встречающихся неправильных глаголов.

Вопрос (краткая форма)

Отрицательная и вопросительная формы в Indefinite обра­зуются при помощи вспомогательных глаголов do, does, did с частицей not, краткая форма: don't, doesn't, didn't. Вопроси­тельные предложения образуются, как правило, простой пе­рестановкой подлежащего и вспомогательного глагола. Воп­росительные местоимения при этом стоят всегда впереди.

Отрицание

Утверждение

Did I play? Did you play? Did he/she/it play? Did we play? Did you play?

I played You played He/she/it played We played You played

I did not play You did not play He/she/it did not play We did not play You did not play

Отрицание (полная форма)

I didn't play

You didn't play

He/she/it didn't play

We didn't play You didn't play

They played They did not play They didn't play Did they play?

Задание 7.13. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Past Simple.

1. We (buy) a new car on Tuesday.

2. Mandy not (do) her homework yesterday.

3. When you (meet) Jane?

4. Why they (go) to London?

I not (be) ill last month. -ч

6. Where your parents (live) when they (be) young?

7. Jill (be) in London last year.

8. When Fred (give) you this book?

9. We not (visit) them when they (be) ill. 10. I (read) much last year.\

Задание 7.14. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Past Simple.

1. Yesterday evening I (go) to the cinema with a friend.

2. From 1995 to 1998 he (work) in Minsk.

3. Last night the concert (finish) at midnight.

4.1 (arrive) at the office this morning before my colleagues.

5. When he was young, Tom (ride) a bicycle to school.

6. The train was at 8 p.m. so I (leave) home at 7 p.m.

7. Last Sunday was my mother's birthday, so I (buy) a present for her.

8.1 (start) to play tennis five years ago.

9. The great composer Mozart (die) at the age of 35.

10. Julie (do) a lot of English exercises last week.

1®* Задание 7.15. Прочитайте рассказ Джейн о своем ти­пичном рабочем дне. Поставьте глаголы в Past Simple.

My name's Jane. I '11 tell you about my typical working day.

I usually get up at 7 о 'clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work, which takes me about half an hour. I start work at 8.45. I never have lunch. I finish work at 5 о 'clock. I'm always tired when

I get home. I usually cook a meal in the evening. I don't usually go out. I go to bed at about II o 'clock, and I always sleep well.

1.	She	____ at 7 o'clock.
2.	She	_____ a big breakfast.
3.	She
4.	It _	to get to work.
5.		at 8.45.
6.		lunch.
7.		at 5 o'clock.
S.		tired when______ home.
9.		a meal yesterday evening.
10.		out yesterday evening.
11.		at 11 o'clock.
12.		well last night.

^ Задание 7.16. Раскройте скобки, вставьте глаголы в форме Past Simple.

buy, catbh, cbst,fall, Hart, sell, spend, telach, throw, write

1. Mozart_____ more than 600 pieces of music.

2. 'How did you learn to drive?' - 'My father_____________ me.'

3. We couldn't afford to keep our car, so we_____________ it.

4. Dave_____ down the stairs this morning and__________ his leg.

5. Jim_____ the ball to Sue, who_________ it.

6. Ann_____ a lot of money yesterday. She_____________ a dress

which_____ 100.

^ Задание 7.17. Раскройте скобки.

1. It was warm, so I (take) off my coat.

2. The film wasn't very good. I (not/enjoy) it very much.

3. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I (not/disturb) her.

4. I was very tired, so I (leave) the party early.

5. The bed was very uncomfortable. I (not/sleep) very well.

Утверждение Отрицание

(полная форма)

I was playing I was not playing

You were playing You were not playing j

We were not playing You were not playing They were not playing

He/she/it was playing He/she/it was not playing

We were playing You were playing They were playing

Отрицание Вопрос (краткая форма)

I wasn't playing Was I playing?

You weren't Were you playing? playing

playing We weren't playing You weren't playing They weren't playing

He/she/it wasn't Was he/she/it

playing?

Were we playing? Were you playing? Were they playing?

Английский язык для бакалавров

Travelling

Утверждение 1 had played You had played He/she/it had played We had played You had played They had played

Отрицание (полная форма)

I had not played You had not played

He had not played

We had not played You had not played They had not played

Утверждение Отрицание

(полная форма)

I will go I will not go

You will go You will not go

He/she/it will go He/she/it will not

We will go We will not go

You will go You will not go

They will go They will not go

Отрицание (краткая форма)

1 hadn't played You hadn't played

He hadn't played

We hadn't played You hadn't played They hadn't played

Отрицание Вопрос
(краткая форма)

I won't go Will I go?

You won't go Will you go?
He/she/it won't go Will he/she/it go?
We won't go Will we go?

You won't go Will you go?

They won't go Will they go?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Утверждение	Отрицание	Отрицание	Вопрос
	(полная форма)	(краткая форма)
1 will be going	I will not be going	I won't be going	Will I be going?
You will be going	You will not be	You won't be	Will you be
	going	going	going?
He will be going	He will not be	He won't be	Will he be going?
	going	going
We will be going	We will not be	We won't be	Will we be going?
	going	going
You will be going	You will not be	You won't be	Will you be going?
	going	going
They will be going	They will not 6c	They won't be	Will they be going?
	going	going

Future Continuous употребляется для выражения действия, которое будет длиться в точно указанный момент или период в будущем. Например: We are leaving for Moscow in July. — Мы уезжаем в Москву в июле.

Глаголы в Present Continuous также выражают действие, отнесенное в ближайшее будущее: You are going on a long flight. You can say, for example: In two hours'time, I will be having lunch on the plane / I will be flying over London / I will be reading a newspaper / I will be sleeping / / will be watching a film, etc.

Отрицание Отрицание (полная форма) (краткая форма)

FUTURE PERFECT

I shall not have written You will not have written He/she/it will have written We will not have written

I shan't have written You won't have written He/she/it won't have written We won't have written

Вопрос

Shall 1 have written?

Will you have written?

Will hc/she/it have written?

Will we have written?

You will have You will not You won't have Will you have

written have written written written?

They will have They will not They won't have Will they have

written have written written written?

Future Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, ко­торое будет происходить до определенного момента или дру­гого действия в будущем, и завершится или прекратится до него. Например:

We will have written the test before the end of the lesson.

We will have covered the tables before the guests arrive.

Задание 7.18. Вставьте to write в нужной форме.

1. We often______ letters to our parents.

2. What_____ you_____ now?

3. Yesterday they__________ tests from 10 till 12 o'clock.

4. Who_________ this letter?

5. I _ ____ some letters last week.

6. What_____ you_____ tomorrow at 10?

7. When I came to her, she______________ a letter.

8. ____ you_____ letters tomorrow?

9. I____ not_____ this letter now. I_____________ it in some days.

10. ____ he_____ his home task now?

11. What_____ she_____ in the evening yesterday?

12. As a rule, he_______ tests well.

^ Задание 7.19. Раскройте скобки, укажите время глагола.

1. Не (know) several foreign languages.

2. I (learn) English at school.

3. Usually the classes (begin) at 9 o'clock.

4. Our grandparents (live) now in Moscow.

5. He often (visit) them last year.

6. As a rule I (go) to my school by bus.

7. She (work) abroad next year.

8. He (not like) loud music.

9. Your children usually (ask) many questions.

10. At present he (not work) at school.

11. My brother (like) music.

12. What you (do) yesterday?

13. His sister (not go) to the seaside next July.

^I®^> Задание 7.20. Раскройте скобки. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму.

1. When I (came) the dinner already (begin).

2. What you (do) here?, f

3. Who (speak) now?

4. He already (come) here?

5. She said that she (not like) fish-^nd (take) beefsteak.

6. Usually breakfast (begin) at 8 o'clock.

7. She (work) abroad next year.

8. She (not/like) loud music.

9. My brother (not/like) strawberry ice cream.

10. Who (work) yesterday?

11. We (leave) for Moscow on Friday.

12. At present he (work) as a taxi driver.

13. The waiters already (set) all the tables.

Задание 7.21. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Perfect.

1. Вы были за границей?

2. Он только что закончил работу?

3. Вы уже сделали заказ?

4. Вы заказали билеты на самолет по телефону?

5. Вы когда-нибудь видели этого человека?

6. Что вы выбрали на десерт?

7. Вы пробовали клубничное мороженое?

8. Вы были когда-нибудь в нашем ресторане раньше?

9. Вы уже закончили свой обед?
10. Официанты уже накрыли столы?

^ Задание 7.22. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму, выбрав Past Simple или Past Continuous.

£ 1. When her husband (come) home, Anne (watch) television. <* 2. I (prepare) dinner when the telephone (ring). £ 3. What (you do) when the postman arrive)?

4. Julie (learn) to drive when she (work) inLondon.

5. Where (you sit)when the show(begin)?

6. I (visit) Athens while I (tour) Greece.

7. It was when he (cross) the street that John (fall).

8. What (you see) while you (wait) for the bus?

9. Where (you go) when your car (break) down?

10. Julie (meet) Peter when she (walk) in the park.

Задание 7.23. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужную форму Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. Tom (go) to the cinema yesterday.

2. John is playing a game of tennis. He (play) for 2 hours.

3. I (buy) the tickets for this concert two weeks ago.

4. The teacher (speak) English since the beginning of this lesson.

5. In your life, how many countries you (visit)?

6. The Bank (open) a branch in the new shopping centre last month.

7. The bus is late and Julie is cold. She (wait) for the bus for 10 minutes.

8. Caroline (work) here between 1997 and 1999.

9. Before getting on the plane, John (buy) a book to read during the flight.

10. Since the beginning of this exercise, I (learn) several new
words in English.

Задание 7.24. Переделайте следующие предложения в вопросительно-отрицательные и дайте краткие ответы.

Образец: They are at home. — Aren't they at home? — Yes, they are. — No, they aren't.

1. He has finished his work.

2. She will visit us on Sunday.

3. She has many relatives.

4. His father works here.

5. You know his address.

6. We shall go home together.

7. He can play chess.

8. His friends were playing football.

9. You have done the task.

я® Задание 7.25. Раскройте скобки.

1. When I (came) the lecture already (start). 2 They (go) to Moscow some days ago. 3. When I came he (leave), so we only had time for a few words. 4. When we (come) to the airport, the plane already (land). 5. He suddenly (understand) that he (travel) in the wrong direction. 6. Our teacher (speak) many foreign languages. 7. Who (speak) now? 8. Where is Johnny? He (play) tennis. 9. I (go) home when I met my friend. 10. Listen, my son (play) the piano. 11. They already (translate) this text last lesson. 12. You (do) this exercise next week. 13. We (discuss) your plan tomorrow at 10 o'clock. 14. It (rain) when I went for a walk. 15. What you (do) here? 16.1 (not/write) at the moment.

Задание 7.26. Приведены способы образования утвер­дительных и отрицательных форм кратких ответов типа «Я тоже».

А. Прочтите и переведите предложения.

1. She can swim well. — So, can I.

2. You like to read. — So do I.

3.
Не is lucky. — So am I.

4. I didn't see this film. — Neither did he.

5. They haven't had breakfast. — Neither have I.

6. I don't work at the office. — Neither does he.

7. He doesn't understand anything. — Neither do I.

8. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Я живу в большом городе. — Я тоже.

2. Она — первокурсница. — Он тоже.

3. Я уже сдал экзамен. — Я тоже.

4. Мне не понравился этот фильм. — Мне тоже.

5. Я пойду завтра в университет. — Я тоже.

LESSON 8

HOLIDAY MAKING

TEXT 1

1. MAKING A HOTEL RESERVATION

At some time or another all of us need to call a hotel to reserve a room. The rooms are reserved either for business trip or for personal travel when we need to book rooms in advance.

Sarah Johnson is going.on.vacation with her husband. She calls a reservations desk of the "Majestic" hotel in New York where staff member Tony picks up the phone.

DIALOGUE

Tony: Good morning. "Majestic" hotel reservations. This is Tony speaking. How can I help you?

Sarah: Yes. Hallo. I'd like to reserve a room for me and my husband, please.

Tony: Certainly, madam.

Sarah: Do you have a double room for next Thursday?

Tony: Just a moment. Let me check.

Sarah: Oh, and we'd like a room with a balcony facing a courtyard. Non-smoking, if possible.

Tony: Ok, that would be one of our business suites. They all have queen size beds.

Sarah: That's fine.

Tony: Yes. We have a room. How many nights are you staying? Sarah: Three: Thursday, Friday and Saturday, January tenth through the twelfth.

Tony: Ok, we have a room available, non-smoking. Sarah: Good, how much is it?

Tony: It's two hundred and fifty dollars per night including breakfast.

Sarah: Ok, that'll be fine. And could you reserve a table for us in the restaurant? You see, we're arriving in the evening at about 7:30.

Tony: Of course. Would you like me to book a table for you, say, at 8 o'clock on Thursday evening?

Sarah: Yes, please. Can we have a non-smoking table? Tony: Certainly, madam. Can I have your name, please? Sarah: Mrs Sarah Johnson.

Tony: Could you, please, give me a contact number? Sarah: Yes. My mobile number is 04543287765. Can you say that back to me, please?

Tony: Sure, 04543287765. Sarah: That's right.

Tony: Ok, so you've booked a queen size room from next Thursday, January the 10^lh to Sunday January the 13^,h.

Sarah: Actually, instead of the 13^th it should be the 12"', Saturday.

Tony: Right, sorry about that. Three nights, Thursday January the 10^,h to Saturday January the 12^,h. Checking out on Sunday the 13^,h. Non-smoking with the balcony facing the courtyard. Is that right?

Sarah: Exactly.

Tony: And I've reserved a table for you and your husband in the restaurant at 8:00 PM. Sarah: Great.

Tony: Will it be anything else, Mrs Johnson? Sarah: No, that's all.

Tony: Thank you for choosing "Majestic", Mrs Johnson. Sarah: Thanks, bye.

<?> Questions

1. What kind of room does Sarah want?

2. What extra request does Sarah have?

3. Tony makes a mistake while taking Sarah's reservation. What is it?

Notes to the dialogue:

A double room has one large bed.

King size bed in a double room

Double rooms can have beds of different sizes ranging from a standard double size bed to a larger queen size bed or a larger still king size bed.

This is different from a twin room which has two beds.

A courtyard is a space in the center of the building that is open to the sky. In the "Majestic" some rooms overlook a central courtyard. They have balconies where guests can step outside to look at the view and get some fresh air.

Useful phrases when making a reservation:

— Hallo. Would it be possible to reserve a standard twin room for next Wednesday, March the 12^th?

— Good afternoon. What's your biggest suite?

— Do you have any rooms available for the third week of June?

— Ideally what we would like is a double room with a king size bed, facing south if possible.

Special requests when reserving a room in a hotel:

— Can you put us on a higher floor?

— We'd like to be on a non-smoking floor, if possible.

— Do you have a ladies only floor?

— I need a quiet room.

— I'd like a room with a view.

— Ideally we'd have a view of the park, if possible.

— Can we have a room facing south?

Some ways to inquire about the price:

— How much is it per night?

— How much will that come to in all?

— What would the total come to?

— Are there extra special charges that I should know about?

— Does that include breakfast?

Hotel guests have different tastes and needs. To cater to and serve those needs hotels have many different facilities, such as restaurants, business centers, fitness centers, swimming pools, saunas, tennis courts, gift stores, cafes and more. Some hotels offer butler service, that is, there is a person on each floor whose job is to specifically serve guests by running errands, taking or leaving messages, arranging for dry cleaning and providing for any other extra needs.

Indoor pool

Some extra requirements when reserving a room in a hotel:

— I'd like to be near the fitness center, if possible.

— Does your fitness center have a sauna?

— Do the rooms have satellite TV?

— How many restaurants do you have?

— Do you have dry cleaning service?

— What size is your swimming pool?

—
Do you have a butler service?

— Do you have wireless Internet?

ffl СЛОВАРЬ butler дворецкий

to call звонить или говорить по телефону

to reserve a room = to book a room заказывать комнату в гостинице (обычно заранее)

in advance заранее, заблаговременно

reservation амер. бронирование

staff member [sta:f| сотрудник служебного персонала

courtyard внутренний двор

business suite номер бизнес класса

luxury suite |'1лк|(а)п swi:t] номер люкс

available [o'veilablj имеющийся в распоряжении

instead вместо, взамен

request [n'kwest] просьба, вежливое требование

luxurious IlAg'zjuanas] богатый, роскошный

facing south смотрящий на юг, обращенный в сторону юга

per night (рэ: nait] за ночь

errand [ erand] поручение, задание

errand boy рассыльный

specifically особо, специально

total I'tautlJ сумма; итог

extra charges дополнительная наценка

to cater I'kerta] обеспечивать, обслуживать, удовлетворять

facilities |fa'sditiz| средства обслуживания, удобства, услуги

restaurant l'rest(a)ra:rjl ресторан

dry cleaning химчистка

swimming pool бассейн

sauna ['saunaI сауна, финская парная баня

gift store магазин подарков

wireless Internet беспроводный Интернет

Entrance of the "Majestic" hotel in New York

When travellers arrive at the hotel after a long hard day of travel first of all they need to check-in. Check-in means to register for the room by filling out necessary forms and giving the hotel the credit card number.

Sarah Johnson has arrived to the "Majestic" hotel in New York and she is ready to begin her stay. Paul, the receptionist, helps Sarah register for the room. While checking-in Sarah inquires about hotel services.

DIALOGUE

Paul: Good afternoon, Madam. Can I help you? Sarah Johnson: Good afternoon. My name is Sarah Johnson. I'd like to check-in, please. Paul: Yes, of course. Sarah Johnson: I have a reservation.

Paul: All right, just a moment Here it is, Sarah Johnson, is that right?

Sarah Johnson: Yes.

Paul: It's one of our business suites with a balcony facing the courtyard.

Sarah Johnson: Non-smoking?

Paul: Yes, we've got you on a non-smoking floor.

Sarah Johnson: Good.

Paul: Staying three nights?

Sarah Johnson: Right.

Paul: Could you, please, just fill out this registration card? Sarah Johnson: Yes, of course. Do I fill in my home address? Paul: Yes, please.

Sarah Johnson: Do you also have our dinner reservation? Paul: Yes, you've got a table for two in our "Sky View" restaurant for dinner at eight o'clock. Sarah Johnson: That's great.

Paul: Have you stayed at the "Majestic" before, Madam? Sarah Johnson: Yes, but it was long ago. How do we get to the restaurant?

Paul: Just take the elevator to the fifth floor and turn right. There will be a host there to welcome you.

Sarah Johnson: Great, thank you. And how about the fitness center?

Paul: It's on the sixth floor. You should bring your room key. You'll need it to get in.

Sarah Johnson: Thanks. Oh, and can we get an extra key? My husband will need one.

Paul: Yes, of course.

Sarah Johnson: Great, thanks.

Paul: You're welcome. Well, I'll just need to get your deposit.

Sarah Johnson: Here's my credit card. And when is check-out? Our plane is at 5:05 PM on Saturday.

Paul: Check-out is at noon, but just call down if you need a little extra time. It's usually not a problem.

Sarah Johnson: Thanks.

Paul: Ok. Your room is 832. It's on the eighth floor. Here are your keys.