Страдательный залог 2 страница

scallop (skotapl морской гребешок

sheat-fish Lfirtfifl сом

shrimp IJrimpJ креветка

sturgeon I'staidpnl осетр

tuna I'tu:noI тунец

What we can buy at the baker's?

baker's I'beikaz] (shop) булочная

buns |Ьлпг| rolls [roulz] булочки

baked items I'aitamz] хлебные изделия, выпечка

brown bread черный хлеб

white bread белый

crackers I'kraekez) крекеры

muffins I'mAfinzl сдобные круглые булочки

croissant I'kwtesDnJ булочка круассан, рогалик

rye bread ржаной хлеб

What we can buy at the dairy shop?

dairy I'dean] молочные продукты milk молоко

cottage cheese I'kDtidy tfi:z] = curd |ka:d| творог pot cheese брынза

bottled 11 v)tUl I milk молоко в бутылках

cream |kri:m| сливки, крем

kefir I'kefa] кефир

sour cream I'saua 'kriimj сметана

cheese |tfi:z] сыр

butter I'bAtaJ сливочное масло

eggs [egzl яйца

mayonnaise [meianeiz| майонез margarine |,та:цзэ'п:п) маргарин

What we can buy at the butcher's?

butcher's ['butjazl мясная лавка или магазин

meat |'mi:t] мясо

beef I ' bi:f J говядина

pork |po:k] свинина

mutton [mAtn| баранина

lamb 11 a-m I молодой барашек

veal |vi:l| телятина

poultry [poultri| птица (домашняя)

game |geim| дичь

deli = delicatessen [,dehka'tesn] мясная кулинария

boiled sausage I'sosicfjl вареная колбаса

can консервы (банка) ^

smoked sausage копченая колбаса

half-smoked sausage полукопченая колбаса

frankfurter |'fraerjkfat3| сосиска

liver pâté I'liva pae'teij печеночный паштет

ham Ihœrn) ветчина

lean meat [li:n| постное, нежирное мясо canned meat мясные консервы

Запомните следующие слова и выражения:

to roast, grill, broil meat — жарить мясо на огне

to cook meat — готовить мясо

to cure meat [ ' kjua] — консервировать мясо

to fry meat — жарить мясо

to cut (carve) meat — резать мясо

to slice meat — нарезать мясо ломтиками или слоями

chopped (ground) meat — рубленое (молотое) мясо

fresh meat — свежее мясо

lean meat — постное, нежирное мясо

minced meat — молотое на мясорубке мясо

raw meat |гэ:) — сырое мясо

soup meat — мясо для супа

tender meat — нежное мясо

tough meat |tAf| — жесткое мясо

What we can buy at the confectioner's (sweet-shop)?

confectioner's ikan'fekfnaz] кондитерский магазин confectionery кондитерский отдел sugar Г/ugal сахар

granulated sugar [.graenju'leitid] сахарный песок

caramel |'кгегэте!| карамель

chocolates ['tfoklitsj шоколадные конфеты

cake |keik] кекс

chocolate bar плитка шоколада

buiscuits ('biskitsj сухое печенье

pastry ['peistnj сдобное печенье

puff [p\f] слойка

jam |d32em| варенье, джем

tart фруктовое пирожное

marmalade ('marmaleidj джем из цитрусовых

coffee |'kafi| кофе

cocoa I'koukou) какао

wafers ['weifaz] вафли

sweets сласти, конфеты

Запомните следующие слова и выражения:

What's the price of this? = How much is it? = How much does it cost? Сколько это стоит?

That's too expensive. Это слишком дорого.

Have you anything a little cheaper? У вас есть что-нибудь дешевле?

How much is that altogether? Сколько за все?

Do you make discounts if I pay in cash? Вы делаете скидки, если я плачу наличными?

Do you sell antiques? У вас есть в продаже антиквариат?

No, that isn't quite what I want. Нет, это не совсем то, что мне надо.

I want something like this but of a lighter shade. Мне хоте­лось бы что-нибудь наподобие этого, но более светлого от­тенка.

Could you show me something different? He могли бы вы показать мне что-нибудь другое? I take this. Я это беру. That's all. Thank you. Это все. Спасибо.

^ Задание 9.4. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами one - ones - they - those - these - there, переведите диалог на русский язык.

AT THE FRUIT VENDOR'S

Harry: How much are the bananas?

Salesman: These big ones, or these little____________?

Harry: The big greenish_______.

Salesman:______ are two dollars a pound.

Harry: I'd like two pounds, please. And what are____________?

Salesman: These are fresh imported Italian figs.

Harry: Are_____ good?

Salesman:______ are fantastic! Try one.

Harry: Yes,______ are good. I'd like a pound, please. Are_____________

local grapes or imported grapes?

Salesman: They are local grapes.__________ are very good, too.

Harry: What are those green things_________?

Salesman:______ here are watermelons.

Harry: I'd like______ please.

Salesman: Which_______? This______ or that______?

Harry: The small______ there.

Salesman: Here you are. Harry: Thank you.

Задание 9.5. Переведите на английский язык.

1. В этом торговом центре есть новый супермаркет.

2. В этом супермаркете вы можете купить все, что вам нужно.

3. Мы всегда делаем покупки в этом супермаркете. Здесь большой выбор продуктов.

4. Мария работает в этом супермаркете? — Да, она рабо­тает там продавцом.

5. В каком отделе она работает? — Она работает кассиром в кондитерском отделе.

6. Какие отделы есть в этом супермаркете? — В этом су­пермаркете имеются мясной, рыбный, бакалейный, кондитерский, молочный и овощной отделы.

7. Какие продукты вы покупаете в мясном отделе? — Мы обычно покупаем говядину, но иногда мы покупаем баранину или свинину.

8. Какое мясо вы покупаете жирное или постное? — Я по­купаю постное мясо. Я не люблю жирное мясо.

9. Что вы покупаете в молочном отделе? — Мы покупаем различные молочные продукты: молоко, кефир, смета­ну и сыр.

10. Где вы покупаете картофель, капусту, свеклу, морковь и другие овощи? — Мы всегда покупаем овощи в этом супермаркете. У них здесь большой выбор овощей: све­жая капуста, хороший картофель, морковь и свекла.

11. Что вы купили сегодня? — Мы купили тунца горячего копчения, селедку, паштет из печени, черный и белый хлеб, сдобные булочки и спагетти.

12. Какие деликатесы вы покупаете в вашей кулинарии? — Мы купили копченую колбасу, сосиски и ветчину.

13. Где вы покупаете хлеб? — Мы покупаем его в хлебном отделе.

Количественные числительные СКОЛЬКО?

1 one — один

2 two — два

3 three — три

4 four

5 five 6six

7 seven

8 eight

9 nine

10 ten

11 eleven

12 twelve

13 thirteen

Порядковые числительные

КАКОЙ ПО СЧЕТУ?

the first первый

the second второй

the third третий

he fourth

the fifth

the sixth

the seventh

the eighth

the ninth

the tenth

the eleventh

the twelfth

the thirteenth

14
fourteen

15 fifteen

16 sixteen

17 seventeen

18 eighteen

19 nineteen

20 twenty

Десятки:

20 twenty—the twentieth 30 thirty — the thirtieth 40 forty — the fortieth 50 fifty - the fiftieth 60 sixty — the sixtieth 70 seventy—the seventieth 80 eighty — the eightieth 90 ninety — the ninetieth

the fourteenth the fifteenth the sixteenth the seventeenth the eighteenth the nineteenth the twentieth

Составные числительные:

twenty-two—the twenty-second thirty-three — the thirty-third forty-four — the forty-fourth fifty-five - the fifty-fifth sixty-six — the sixty-sixth

thousands of books five thousand books

millions of people 2 million people

Номера страниц, домов, квартир, транспорта, обознача­ются не порядковыми, а количественными числительными. В этих случаях существительные употребляются без артикля: page 15, house 40, flat 13, bus 72.

АРИФМЕТИКА ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS Сложение и вычитание / Addition and Subtraction

Задание 9.6. Прочитайте слова, затем закройте ле­вый столбец, а правый столбец переведите на английский язык.

addition [3'diJ(3)n] сложение

plus IplAs] плюс

to add (sed] складывать, прибавлять

addend [aedend] слагаемое

to subtract [sab'trzekt] вычитать

sum [sAm] сумма

subtraction [sab'tra3kj(9)n] вычитание

minus [mamas] минус

minuend [minjuend] уменьшаемое

subtrahend I'sAbtrahend] вычитаемое

difference ['difr(a)ns] разность

to equal, to be equal |'i:kwal] равняться, быть равным

three plus seven equals ten 3+7=10

thirty-four plus fifteen is equal to forty-nine 34 + 15 = 49

b plus с is equal to d b + с = d

eleven minus six equals five 11 —6 = 5
ninety-two minus thirty-three is equal

to fifty-nine 92 - 33 = 59

b minus с equals a b — с = a

Задание 9.7. Напишите примеры словами по-английски и решите их.

1) 91 + 71 =

2) 45- 50 =

3) 125 + 250 = 4)315- 115 =

5) 800 - 600 =

6) b + с = d (where d = 9, b = 4)

7) a — b = с (where a = 5, b = 2)

8) 8 - 3 =

9) 47 - 18 =
10) 1000 - 1 =

Умножение и деление / Multiplication and Division

Задание 9.8. Прочитайте слова, затем закройте ле­вый столбец, а правый столбец переведите на английский.

multiply [mAltiplai]	умножать
multiplication [,mAltipli'keiJn]	умножение
multiplicand [niAltipli kasnd]	множимое
multiplier ('mAltiplais]	множитель
factor ['faekta]	множитель
sum [sAm]	сумма
twice [twais]	дважды, два раза
three times	три раза
four times	четыре раза
power [paua]	степень
division [di'ui3(9)n]	деление
to divide [di'uaid]	делить
dividend [diuidend]	делимое
divisor [di'uaizo]	делитель
quotient ['kw3uf(o)nt]	частное отделения
remainder [n'meindo]	остаток
divided by	деленное на
square root [skwea ru:t]	квадратный корень

once one is one 1x1 = 1

twice two is four 2x2 = 4

three times three equals nine 3x3 = 9

four times four is equal to sixteen 4x4= 16

ten times ten makes one hundred 10 x 10 = 100
a multiplied by b is equal to ab a x b = ab

thirty-five divided by seven equals five 35:7 = 5
d divided by b is equal to с d: b = с

two in the third power is eight 2³ = 8

square root of four is two >/4 ⁼ 2

^ Задание 9.9. Напишите примеры словами по-английски
и решите их. ' \

1) 1 x 1 = 8) 150: 25 =

2) 15 х 15= 9) 49:7 =

3) 10x7= 10) 618:6 =

4) 100 х 100 = 11) 300: 3 =

5) 240 x 6 = 12) 749:7 =

6) VT6 = 13) 100: 5 =

7) З³ = 14) 200: 4 =

Простые и десятичные дроби / Common and Decimal Fractions

дробь простые дроби числитель знаменатель десятичные дроби точка нуль

^ Задание 9.10. Прочитайте слова, затем закройте ле­вый столбец, а правый столбец переведите на английский язык.

fraction ['frzekfn]

common fractions ['kDmon'fraekfnz] numerator [njumareits] denominator [di'nommeita] decimal fractions ['desim(o)l 'fraekjnz] point [point]

nought [no:t], zero [ziarau], 0 [ou]

a half [ha:fj половина, одна вторая

а quarter ['kw^ts] четверть, четвертая часть

Как читаются дробные числительные?

Простые Десятичные

1/2 — one half (a half) 0.1 — 0[ou] point one '/3 — one third (a third) 0.7 — nought point seven

(zero point seven)
'/4 — a (one) quarter 2.45 — two point four five
²/3 — two thirds 1.5 — one and a half

3/4 — three fourths 1.1— one point one

51/3 — five and one third 0.002 — zero point two zeros 3 — three and a half 35.25 — three five (thirty- five) point

two five 0.2x10=2 Nought point two multiplied by ten equals two.

Задание 9.11. Напишите дроби цифрами. Простые:

1) A (one) half 2) two thirds 3) a (one) quarter 4) three fourths 5) two and a (one) half 6) five and one sixth 7) a (one) fifth.

Десятичные:

1) Zero (nought/ou) point two 2) two point four five 3) four point five 4) three four (thirty four) point one zero two 5) nought point nought one 6) six point three five 7) fifty eight point three nought five.

Задание 9.12. Напишите словами по-английски.

A. 1) 220 дней; 2) 1500 человек; 3) 20545 книг; 4) около
100 страниц; 5) почти 300 тетрадей.

B. 1) первый автобус; 2) вторая страница; 3) миллион-
ный посетитель; 4) часть первая; 5) номер десятый.

С. 1. Два миллиона человек. 2. Миллионы книг. З.Три-ста восемьдесят пять страниц. 4. Девятнадцатое октября 1949 года. 5. Двенадцатое марта 2011 года. 6. Одна четвертая. 7. Три пятых. 8. Ноль целых, двадцать пять сотых. 9. Четыре целых и пять шестых. 10. Две целых, сто пять тысячных.

Задание 9.13. Напишите примеры словами по-англий­ски и решите их.

1) 1.203 + 4.19 = 7)3/4-1/2 =

2) 4.333 + 5.777 = 8) 3/4:1/4 = 3)10.6:10= 9)2/3:1/3 = 4)3.55x5= ': Ю)2/3 + 2/з = 5)0.1 х 100= 11)3/4 + 2/3 = 6) 625:15 = 12) 1:3 =

ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ФИГУРЫ GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

Задание 9.14. Прочитайте слова, затем закройте ле­вый столбец, а правый столбец переведите на английский.

angle [zerjgl] угол

треугольник

равносторонний треугольник

равнобедренный треугольник неравносторонний треугольник прямоугольный треугольник остроугольный треугольник тупоугольный треугольник гипотенуза длина градус

cathetus (мн.ч. catheti)['ka30it3s, 'kaeOiti] катет

Triangles

Triangles can have different lengths of their sides:

In an equilateral triangle all sides have the same length. All its angles have 60°.

AAn isosceles triangle has two equal sides. An isosceles triangle also has two equal angles.

In a scalene triangle all sides are different. Its three angles are all different.

Quadrilaterals Задание 9.15. Прочитайте слова, затем закройте ле-

четырехугольник квадрат параллелограмм прямоугольник ромб трапеция противоположный

вый столбец, а правый столбец переведите на английский.

quadrilateral ['kwodri,lœt(a)r(9)l] square [skweo]

parallelogram [,разгэ'1е1э1эидггет rectangle [rekt'œrjgl] rhombus [rombas] trapezium [tro'pirzjam] opposite ['opazit]. J

Quadrilaterals that have two pairs of parallel sides can be square, parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus and trapezium.

~1

In a square all four sides are equal, and all four angles are right angles.

K A right triangle has one angle 90° (a right angle).

\. The side opposite to the right angle is the

₉₀, \v hypotenuse. It is the longest side of the right

3----------- triangle. The other two sides are called the catheti

of the triangle.

The sum of the squares of the lengths of the two catheti is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse: a² + b² = c², where a and b are the lengths of the catheti and c is the length of the hypotenuse.

J	С
2___

In a parallelogram the sides are not equal, and all four angles are not right angles.

In a rectangle the sides are not equal, but all four angles are right angles.

In an isosceles trapezium two opposite sides are parallel but not equal. Two other sides are equal, but not parallel, and all four angles are not right angles.

In a rhombus opposite sides are equal and parallel, and all four angles are not right angles.

\

In a trapezium all the sides are not equal, and all four angles are not right angles.

Circle

Circle illustration showing a radius, a diameter, the centre and the circumference.

Circle illustration showing arc, sector, and segment.

Задание 9.16. Прочитайте слова, затем закройте ле-

вый столбец, а правый столбец переведите на английский язык.
circle [sa:kl]	круг
radius [ reidjas] мн.ч radii [ reidii]	радиус
diameter [dai'asmita]	диаметр
centre ['senta]	центр
circumference [sa'kAmfarsns]	окружность
arc [a:k]	дуга
sector ['sekt3]	сектор
segment [segmant]	сегмент
chord [ko:d]	хорда (окружности)
perpendicular lpa:p9n'dikjula]	перпендикуляр(ный)

An arc is a part of the circle's circum­ference.

A sector is an area between two radii and an arc.

A chord is a straight line whose two ends lie on the circle.

A segment is an area between a chord and an arc.

A secant is a straight line cutting the circle at two points. A tangent is a straight line that touches the circle at a single point. All tangents are perpendicular: to the radius and diameter.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

The United States still uses the English system of weights and measures. The metric system is available, but people think quarts and inches, not litres and centimetres. The following charts convert between the English and metric systems for the most commonly used measures.

Length

1 inch = 2.54 centimetres (cm) 1 centimetre = 0.39 inches (in) 1 foot = 0.305 meters (m) 1 meter = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 foot = 12 inches 1 yard = 0.914 meters (m) 1 meter = 1.09 yards (yd) 1 yard = 3 feet

1 mile =1.61 kilometres (km) 1 kilometre = 0.62 miles (mi) 1 mile = 5280 feet

Weight

1 ounce = 28.35 grams (g) 1 gram = 0.035 ounces (oz) 1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms (kg) 1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds (lb) 1 pound = 16 ounces

Volume

1 gallon = 3.7854 litres (L) 1 litre = 0.2642 gallons (gal) 1 gallon = 4 quarts 1 quart = 2 pints 1 pint = 2 cups 1 cup = 8 fluid ounces 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons 1 teaspoon = 5 ml

LESSON 10

MEALS

^ TEXT 1

MEALS IN ENGLAND Mealtimes in Britain

In many European countries it is normal to have a long break in the middle of the day when all members of the family return to their houses to eat together. This is not very common in Britain because normally it is a long way from the place of work or school to home. That's why the British people usually have a big breakfast before they go to work and the meal at midday is not spent with the members of the family but with workmates or schoolmates. Lunch is normally eaten between 12.30 pm and 1.30 pm. Most people finish work at five thirty. It often takes at least an hour to get home from the school or workplace so people usually have their evening meal or «dinner» between 6.30 pm and 8 pm.

On Sundays people don't have to work so they take the opportunity eat together with their family. Sunday lunch is usually the best meal of the week and many of the meals which are considered typically British are eaten for Sunday lunch. For example roast beef and Yorkshire pudding.

Everyone in Britain understands that "breakfast" is the first meal of the day. But if you ask a British person what the words "dinner, lunch, tea, elevenses, brunch, supper" mean, most of them will give you a different answer according to what part of the country they are from or from what social class they are from.

Breakfast.

British breakfast is much bigger than in most other countries. Many people like to have a breakfast with fried bacon and eggs,

fried bread and possibly fried tomatoes or black pudding. People who don't want to eat a lot early in the morning prefer toast and marmalade with tea or cofTee. Cereals are also very popular. The most common are cornflakes with milk. They are made with different grains such as corn, wheat, oats etc. If you go to a British supemiarket you will see that there are many types of cereals available. In Scotland many people eat "porridge" or boiled oats.

Lunch

Some factories and schools have canteens where you can eat the packed lunch. A packed lunch is a plastic container with sandwiches, a packet of crisps, an apple and a can of something to drink, for example, coca-cola.

Dinner

Nowadays most British people eat meals from many different countries, for example, spaghetti or curry. In fact, now the British don't eat much British food. However the most typical thing to eat for dinner is "meat and two vegetables". This consists of a piece of meat with two different boiled vegetables. This is covered with "gravy". One of the vegetables is almost always potatoes. The British eat a lot of potatoes.

Here's a quick translator of British mealtimes.

• Breakfast — also called brekkie, the same everywhere.

• Elevenses — morning coffee break

• Lunch — in some areas called dinner. Sunday lunch is also often called Sunday dinner, lunch in schools in also referred to as school dinner.

• Afternoon Tea — traditionally eaten around 3-4 o'clock.

• Tea — (five o'clock tea) is eaten in the early evening and is the main meal of the day (sometimes called dinner) for working-class.

• Dinner eaten from early to late evening

• Supper — an evening meal and a snack before bedtime.

Baked Beans. Baked beans are cooked in a tomato sauce. They come in cans and are normally eaten on toast. The British are very fond of baked beans.

Bangers and Mash. This is mashed potatoes with sausages.

Black Pudding. A thick sausage made with blood and fat.

Yorkshire pudding. A batter made with flour, eggs and milk and cooked in the oven. (Batter is the same mixture that is used to make pancakes). This is most often eaten with roast beef for Sunday lunch.

A Ploughman's Lunch. It normally consists of a bread roll with a piece of cheese and a pickled onion. British cheeses are very good. The most famous is Cheddar. Most of the cheeses are named after the region from where they come from, eg. Red Leicester, Cheshire etc. There is a very good British blue cheese called Stilton.

The Fish and Chip shop. It is a shop which cooks fried potatoes called chips. They are usually accompanied by fried fish. The chips used to be wrapped in newspaper but now white paper is used.

Pie. The content of the pie can be sweet or savory. Typical examples of pies are "steak and kidney pie" or "apple pie".

Bread and Butter. When the British eat bread they almost always cover it with butter or margarine. It is very common to see a plate of bread and butter on table when you eat.

British Bread. There are many different types of bread. However, although the bread is very good, the most popular type of bread in Britain is sliced white bread. This is sold in plastic packets.

Regional drinks:

• Beer is the most popular. Pale ale and brown ale are also widely drunk.

• Cider.

• Pimm's (gin-based drink, usually mixed with lemonade, fruit and mint) is especially popular in summer.

Ш СЛОВАРЬ

usual |'ju3ual] обычный

meals [mi:lz] еда

mealtime время приёма пищи

savoury l'seiv(e)n) острый, пикантный, пряный

porridge ['рэпаз! (овсяная) каша

substantial (sab'stasn/al] плотный (о еде)

bacon and eggs I'beikan] яичница с беконом

cornflakes with milk I'ka:nfleiks| кукурузные хлопья с молоком

Задание 10.1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What are the usual meals in England?. 2. What is usually the biggest meal of the day in England?

3. What may English people have for breakfast?

4. When do people who work usually have lunch?

5. Where do working people usually have their lunch?

6. Is five o'clock tea an old English tradition?

7. What can be served for five o'clock tea?

^D^^> Задание 10.2. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Английский завтрак обычно плотный и разнообразный.

2. Люди, которые работают, обычно обедают в столовой или в ближайшем кафе или ресторане.

3. На завтрак у англичан может быть овсяная каша или ку­курузные хлопья с молоком, яичница с беконом, чай или кофе.

4. Чай в пять часов — старая английская традиция.

5. Поздний ужин обычно легкий. Это может быть хлеб и сыр, стакан сока или какао и фрукты.

^ TEXT 3

BRITISH PUBS

If you go to Britain you will probably visit a pub. The name 'pub' is short for 'public house'.

In many towns, the local pub is often the centre of the community. In the old days, it made more sense for everyone to

gather in one place, with a fire for warmth, than for people to stay at home. In the days before television and radio, and before electric lights, the pub offered ligh, warmth and company on cold, dark winter evenings.

Pubs are sometimes called 'taverns' or 'inns'. The word 'tavern' dates back more than 1500 years, to when Britain was ruled by the Romans. The word 'taverna' is the Italian word for 'pub'. In the days before rail travel and cars, it took a lot longer to travel between towns and villages. It was often necessary to spend the night at an inn, which was a pub with accommodation for guests. Many pubs still have rooms where you can stay for the night if you are a guest in a town.

One of the interesting things about pubs is their names. The most popular pub name is 'The Red Lion', which is the name of over 600 pubs in Britain. You can see a picture of one of these in the top left hand corner. As many pubs are centuries old, many of their early customers were unable to read, so there is a custom that pubs have a picture sign outside. You can see an example in the top right hand picture, a sign for a pub called 'The Stag' (олень).

The most traditional drink in a pub is ale. Ale is served at room temperature (not cold), which some visitors to Britain find strange at first. In the bottom left hand picture, you can see a typical sign for an ale. In this example, the brewery company is called Harveys and the name of the ale is Olympia. Beer is served by the pint, or by the half pint.