Варіант 5

Вправа 1. Визначте видо-часову форму і стан дієслова-присудка, дайте його початкову форму. Перекладіть речення.

1. We have described an intermediary product isolated from the reaction. 2. After crystallization had occured, the solvent was removed by evaporation. 3. The process of maceration consists simply of extraction by soaking the drug or substance in the menstruum. 4. Analysis of the active ingredient was accomplished by employing gas-liquid chromatography. 5. The desired amount will be measured into the ampoules by hand or automatic machines.

Вправа 2. Перекладіть на українську мову, звертаючи увагу на сполучники.

1. If the infection shows no response to rimactane, the treatment should be changed.

2. It is not known how these effects are related to prostaglandin release.

3. Hydrogen sulphide will have no appreciable action on most of the oxides at ordinary temperature unless it is throughly dried.

Вправа 3. Перекладіть на українську мову, звертаючи увагу на інфінітив.

1. The natural source of vitamines to be given to the patients is in the food they consume. 2. To make intravenous or intramuscular injections of penicillin, it must be always freshly prepared. 3. Wintersteiner and Lederer were the first who separated the plant carotenoid pigment with the chromatographic technique.

Вправа 4. Перекладіть на українську мову, звертаючи увагу на суб’єктивний інфінітивний зворот.

1. The alkyl nitrates were known to act merely as a source of nitrous acid.

2. Foxglove leaves were stated to have been used externally.

3. Digitalis preparations are mainly used for their action on the cardiac muscle.

4. Any chemically and physically homogenous mixture of two or more substances is stated to be a solution.

Вправа 5. Згрупуйте слова, згідно частинам мови.

filtrate, sterilization, medical, define, antibiotic, definition, produce, productivity, identical, pharmacy, identify, production, removable, reaction.

Вправа 6. Перепешіть та перекладіть текст.

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Cardiac glycosides include crude drugs and their preparations which possess cardiotonic properties by virtue of their glycosidal content. The important drugs are: Digitalis, Strophanthus, their preparations, and purified glycosides obtained from them.

Digitalis has been the subject of long investigation. The constituents which are now recognized as being of the greatest importance as cardiovascular agents are digitoxin, gitoxin, digoxin and lantoside. Digitoxin is the most active principle. Other constituents of digitalis are digitoflavin, digitophyllin, etc.

The chief therapeutic use for digitalis is in the treatment of congestive heart failure. It is of value regardless of whether the failure is predominantly of the right or left side of the heart. The type of rhythm exhibited by the decompensated heart is secondary in importance, and digitalis exerts its salutary effects on the failing heart with normal sinus rhythm as well as on the failing heart exhibiting ventricular fibrillation.

The mechanism by which digitalis and all allied cardiac glycosides exert beneficial effects on the failing heart is identical, namely, a direct cardiotonic action on the myocardium to increase the force of contraction and to increase cardiac tone. Slowing of the cardiac rate occurs only when the rate was originally rapid due to the failure.

The signs and symptoms of heart failure are in large measure abolished by digitalis, but bed rest, sedatives, and often diuretics and restriction of fluid intake may be required to obtain best results.

Two types of digitalis dosage are recognized, initial dose for digitalization, and maintenance dose for chronic therapy.

Digitalization is usually complete when the patient has ingested the equivalent of a total of 1.2 gm of powdered digitalis in a period of 48 to 96 hours. This amount can be divided into several equal daily doses, and the total daily dose is usually divided into two or three equal amounts.

By maintenance dose is meant that daily dose which will give optimal digitalis effects and replace the glycoside which is constantly being destroyed or excreted. Optimal effects can be obtained without toxic effects, and the optimal dose is not necessarily the largest tolerated dose.

Вправа 7. Дайте відповіді на наступні запитання: 1) What drugs do cardiac glycosides include? 2) What action do digitalis constituents exert on the heart? 3) What are the chief constituents of digitalis? 4) In what cases is digitalis administered?

Вправа 8. Поставити речення у питальну форму.

1. Complete hydrolysis of proteins has changed their properties.

2. The structure of the fruits is examined with the naked eye.

3. We isolated more than 20 amino-acids from protein hydrolysates.

Вправа 9. Випишіть з тексту речення у Passive Voice та перекладіть їх.

Вправа 10. Утворити прикметники та перекласти їх.

-ve: illustrate, effect, demonstrate, irritate, extense

un-: balanced, certain, treated, cut, demonstrative.