The gerund

13. Translate the following sentences into Russian. State the forms and functions of the gerund.

1. Reading technical books helps in studying special subjects.

2. What is necessary for every engineer is reading much on his specialty.

3. It is necessary to know grammar rules and a considerable number of words for technical books.

4. One cannot acquire good knowledge without reading much.

5. I saw her at the writing table in the reading room, reading a book.

6. Looking through foreign technical literature is very important for us.

7. We heard of Petrov’s having been sent to a large machine building plant as chief engineer.

8. Without consulting chief engineer he bought new equipment for the workshop.

9. This included the problem of converting printed messages into machine language for computer processing.

10. As a scientific discipline, computer vision is concerned with the theory for building artificial systems that obtain information from images.

11. Such opposing views demonstrate a gap between the organizational structure that existed prior to information technology and the current shrive in utilizing information at the workplace.

12. The second system was sold to the Standard Oil Company of California for reading credit card imprints for billing purposes, with many more systems sold to other oil companies.

13. This complexity brings benefits to the organization and its structure. IT has enabled several organizations to increase revenues and profits as a consequence of utilizing the technology.

14. The underlying premise is that the purpose of e-learning is useful knowledge, and that the design of e-learning should therefore be integrated with the design of related knowledge management – particularly personal knowledge management. e-learning will be explored using the notion of “distributed learning”.

15. This paper is based on work in designing and building learning materials and environments in a variety of contexts.