Forms of Participle. Active Passive Present writing Being written Perfect Having written Having been written Past

	Active	Passive
Present	writing	Being written
Perfect	Having written	Having been written
Past	-	written

THE ABSOLUTE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION.

It is a construction in which the participle has the “subject” of its own. This “subject” is not the subject of the sentence.

The letter having been written, he went out to post it.

Письмо было написано, и он пошел на почту отправить его.

The room being dark, I couldn’t see him.

Так как в комнате было темно, я не видел его.

Though formally independent of the sentence the absolute construction is a logical adverbial modifier of time, cause, condition and is rendered in Russian by means of an adverbial clause (так как; хотя; когда; после того как …).

15. Translate the following into Russian.

1. The new devices showing promise, we began to develop them at a rapid pace.

2. Mendeleyev having arranged the elements in a table, the existence of yet unknown elements could be predicted.

3. All the necessary preparations having been done, the operator began assembling the engine.

4. Being based on knowledge of atomic structures, these new devices are being developed at a rapid pace.

5. Quantum electronics gets its name from the packets of energy affecting the energy level of the atom, the quantum theory being the basis for the development of lasers.

6. Having been constructed recently a new electronic device has important applications in space communication.

7. The name of the new instrument is the laser, the letter being the initials of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

8. The article deals with optical electronics, with particular attention being paid to lasers.

16. Replace the clauses with the Absolute Participial Construction.

Model: As the book was translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody.

The book being translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody.

1. As the accident ruined our device, we had to develop another.

2. After the research was done, we got the desirable result.

3. As few people were buying our product, we could hardly earn a living.

4. As there was a severe storm at sea, the steamer couldn’t leave the port.

5. As it was Sunday, the laboratory was closed.

6. As the Professor was ill, the lecture was put off.

17. Translate the following into Russian.

1. Being very busy, he suggested putting off the meeting.

2. People designing new materials, engines or electrical equipment are called engineers.

3. Having been given the wrong data, we were not able to complete the research.

4. Having written the report, he was given another task.

5. Many solid substances being melt can flow.

6. Our new assembly plant built outside the city is short of staff.

7. Having done this difficult work, he was proud of himself.

8. Litter thrown in the street pollute the environment.

9. Having been fitted into your car, this device will help you navigate.

18. Make presentations on the topics:

- bio-engineering

- nanotechnology