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Speaking. 5. Read the text again and underline the advantages of solar, wind and hydropower
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5. Read the text again and underline the advantages of solar, wind and hydropower. Think about the disadvantages and name them. Discuss the usage of these three sources of energy in your country.
Writing
6. Find the information about some unusual sources of energy in the Internet and write the essay about its usage.
Grammar focus: the Complex Subject.
The Complex Subject consists of a noun/pronoun (in the nominative case) and the Infinitive. It is considered to be the subject of the sentence, its Russian equivalent is in most cases a subordinate clause.
Laser is known to be widely used in medicine.
Известно, что лазер широко используется и медицине.
The Complex Subject is used with:
| 1. the following groups of verbs in the Passive: · denoting sense perception: to see, to hear, to notice, etc. · denoting mental activity: to think, to consider, to believe, to expect, to suppose, to know, etc. · the verbs: to say, to report( сообщать ), to order, to ask, to allow, to state( заявлять), to announce( объявлять). 2. word groups: to be likely( вероятно), to be unlikely( маловероятно), to be certain/to be sure ( несомненно,обязательно, бесспорно). 3. pairs of synonyms: to seem/to appear( казаться, по-видимому), to prove/to turn out( оказываться), to happen/chance( случаться ). | · The car was seen to disappear in the distance. Видели, как машина скрылась вдали. · He is considered to have been one of the most prominent scientists of his time. Считается, что он был одним из самых выдающихся учёных своего времени. · She is said to be working at this university. Говорят, что она сейчас работает в этом университете. · He is sure to be asked about it. Его наверняка об этом спросят. · The first experiment proved to bea success. Первый опыт оказался удачным. |
7. Use the Passive Voice for the verbs in brackets. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Subject.
1. These students (to consider) to conduct research rather well.
2. One of the students (to say) to be conducting a research work now.
4.That student (to suppose) to have conducted research last year.
5.This research (to suppose) to have been conducted by our best students.
6.These students (to believe) to have been conducting this research since last year.
7.All bodies (to know) to possess weight.
8. Paraphrase the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
Model: It seemed that he knew the subject well.
He seemed to know the subject well.
1. It appears that his knowledge of English is improving.
2. It proved that this discovery was of special value for the development of electronics.
3. It seemed that the students answer satisfied the examiner.
4. It appears that this planet possesses tremendous humidity.
5. It happened that she met some of our students in the laboratory.
6. It proved that these students are very capable researchers.
9. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Infinitive Constructions.
1. To develop a new method of cutting metals was necessary. To develop a new method of cutting metals the engineers made some interesting experiments.
2. To discover the stress occurring requires careful figuring. To discover the stress occurring, we require careful figuring.
3. To design new machine-tools is the task of a mechanical engineer. To design new machine-tools a mechanical engineer must study a lot.
4. To be a good engineer means to have knowledge, to improve one’s ability to analyze, synthesize and develop insight into one’s field. To be an ideal engineer one is to have knowledge, to improve one’s ability to analyze, synthesize and develop insight into one’s field.
10. Read and translate the following sentences. Compare the two constructions – the Complex Object and the Complex Subject:
1. We suppose all energy people use to come from the Sun. 2. All energy people use is supposed to come from the Sun.3. Today we know atoms to be neither unchangeable nor indivisible. 4. Today atoms are known to be neither unchangeable nor indivisible. 5. We expect thermocouples to be used instead of semiconductors in the solar battery. 6. Thermocouples are expected to be used instead of semiconductors in the solar battery.
11. Translate the following sentences into English using the substitution table below:
1. Мы хотим, чтобы вы рассказали нам о солнечной энергии.
2. Я хочу рассказать вам о солнечной энергии.
3. Он пришёл сюда, чтобы рассказать о солнечной энергии.
4. Она показала мне эти проекты.
5. Мы знаем, что солнечные лучи приносят огромное количество энергии.
6. Я полагал, что этот учёный уже провёл такой опыт.
7. Мы видели, что она проводила опыт.
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12. Read the following Russian sentences and find their English equivalents in the right column:
1. По-видимому, эти данные были уже давно исследованы.
2. Чтобы исследовать эти данные, надо применить новые методы.
3. Мы хотим исследовать эти данные.
4. Сообщают, что эти данные будут исследованы в кратчайшие сроки.
5. Исследование эти данных не сложно.
6. Эти данные вряд ли будут исследованы скоро.
7. Мы должны исследовать эти данные.
8. Эти данные, несомненно, будут исследованы в кратчайшее время.
9. Эти данные оказались надежными.
10. Мы ожидаем, что эти новые данные будут исследованы очень скоро.
a. To investigate these data is not difficult.
b. To investigate these data one has to apply new techniques.
c. We expect these new data to be investigated very soon.
d. We want to investigate these data.
e. We have to investigate these data.
f. These data are reported to be investigated in the shortest time possible.
g. These data are unlikely to be investigated soon.
h. These data proved to be reliable.
i. These data appear to have been investigated long ago.
j. These data are certain to be investigated in the shortest time possible.
Дата публикования: 2015-02-22; Прочитано: 716 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!
