Exercise 5. (Dialogue) Answer the questions. 4 страница

1. The Simple Past and the Present Perfect Tenses

(a) We use the Present Perfect:

1. when we are thinking of a period of time that is not finished

(this week/ month/ year, since....)

e.g. I’ve changed my job three times this year.

2. when we mean ‘at any time up to now’ (ever, never, before)

e.g. She has never learnt to drive.

(b) We use the Simple Past:

1. when we are thinking of a period of time that is finished

(ago, yesterday, last week/ month/ year etc., then, when)

e.g. I changed my job last week. She learnt to fly when she was eighteen.

2. Prepositions «since/ for/ ago»

(a) We use «since» with the Present Perfect.

e.g. We haven’t seen John since Saturday.

(b) We use «for» with the Present Perfect when the period of time is up to now, and with the Past Simple when the period finished in the past.

e.g. He has lived in France for two years. (He is still there.) He lived in Spain for two years from 1990 till 1992. (He is no longer there)

(с) We use «ago» with the Past Simple.

e.g.	I’m afraid he left five years ago.

3. Adjectives and adverbs

a) Formation of adverbs:	Adjective	Adverb
	quick beautiful happy true	quickly beautifully happily truly

b) Irregular form:

good

well

c) Some adjectives ending in -ly

A friendly girl. Her songs are lovely. Rain is likely.

She smiled in a friendly way. She sings in a lovely way. It’s probably going to rain.

d) Adjectives and adverbs with the same form:	daily, deep, early, fast, hard, high, late loud low, pretty, straight, etc.
	A daily newspaper. A hard worker. A fast car.	It arrives daily. He works hard. He drives fast.

e) Note the different meaning:

He’s a hard worker. He was late for work. The end was near.

He hardly works. I haven’t seen her lately. He was nearly killed.

f) Adjectives are used instead of adverbs after: feel, look, seem, sound, taste.
		e.g. That picture looks very nice. I feel thirsty.

4. The Imperative

Commands are expressed in English by the base form of the verb alone.

	e.g. Come in. Show me your passport, please.
	Come in, will you? Don’t make so much noise, will you?

The «first-person plural imperative» is formed by the use of «let’s (let us)” and a base form.

e.g.	Let’s wait a while longer. Let’s not be late. Let’s wait a little longer, shall we?

Drills

Drill 1.	– do the washing-up · Have you done the washing-up yet? – Yes, I’ve just done it.
1. finish your homework 2. wash your hair 3. clean the car 4. meet the new student 5. make the dinner 6. do the shopping 7. talk to the teacher	8. buy your plane ticket 9. speak to the bank manager 10. make a cup of tea 11. do your homework 12. read the report 13. call a taxi 14. do the room

Drill 2.

Have you ever been to England? (last year) · Yes, I have. I was there last year.

1. Has he seen Maggie and Jane today? (in the morning)

2. Has your cousin returned? (last week)

3. Have you seen that new French film? (last night)

4. Has it rained here lately? (yesterday morning)

5. Has your little brother watched TV this week? (yesterday)

6. Has the concert begun? (ten minutes ago)

7. Has your friend already moved to a new flat? (a month ago)

8. Have you given them my new address? (yesterday)

Drill 3.

I have seen the film before. And Fred? (last night) · Fred saw it last night.

1. Kate has been to London this month. And Mary? (last month)

2. They’ve lived in Scotland for five years. And you? (in 1980)

3. I haven’t seen his cousin for ages. And Helen? (last summer)

4. We haven’t got any letters from Bob for a long time. And Ned? (yesterday)

5. Mary has given a talk this term. And Nina? (last term)

6. My nephew has left school this year. And your niece? (last year)

7. Peter has played football all his life. And Tom? (only in his schooldays)

8. My son has graduated from the University this year. And your daughter? (last year).

Drill 4.

Nancy has opened a box. · When did she open it?

1. Peter has learned his lessons.

2. Mr Emmons has left the house.

3. She has made a cake.

4. The car has stopped at the edge of the cliff.

5. They have had their coffee.

6. Harold has bought a new flat.

7. The children have built a bonfire in the garden.

8. The class has begun.

9. She has learned a poem.

Drill 5.

I last smoked a cigarette a month ago. (for) · You haven’t smoked a cigarette for a month.

1. They last came to see us at Christmas. (since)

2. I last played football ten years ago. (for)

3. He last ate at six o’clock this morning. (since)

4. We last had a holiday three years ago. (for)

5. John last saw Mary on Monday evening. (since)

6. I last had a bath a week ago. (for)

7. It last rained three months ago. (for)

8. I last wrote a letter two weeks ago. (for)

Drill 6.

That’s a beautiful girl. · She sings beautifully.

1. That’s a quick answer. He answers _____.

2. That’s a sweet smile. She smiles _____.

3. That’s a quiet boy. He speaks _____.

4. That’s a bad player. He plays _____.

5. That’s a careful driver. He drives _____.

6. That’s a slow thinker. He thinks _____.

7. That’s a perfect pronunciation. She speaks _____.

8. That’s a good book. She writes _____.

Drill 7.

Ben is quick. How does he play? · He plays quickly.

1. Dolly is quiet. How does she dress?

2. Lorna is angry. How does she speak?

3. Peter is sad. How does he look?

4. They are happy. How do they talk?

5. Peter is quick. How does he stop?

6. They were quiet. How did they speak?

7. Mother was angry. How did she help?

Drill 8.	I’m going to open the box. · Please, don’t open it.
1. I’m going to walk on the grass. 2. I’m going to eat those apples. 3. I’m going to catch the monkey.	4. I’m going to look at the children. 5. I’m going to wait for John. 6. I’m going to listen to your sister.

Drill 9.	Let’s keep it a secret. · Let’s not keep it a secret.
1. Let’s go tomorrow. 2. Let’s tell him about it. 3. Let’s go by underground. 4. Let’s wait for them. 5. Let’s make some noise.	6. Let’s get some coffee now. 7. Let’s watch television tonight. 8. Let’s buy something. 9. Let’s think about it. 10. Let’s tell somebody what happened.

Drill 10.

Let’s invite the Thompsons to supper on Sunday (last Sunday). · Oh, no! We invited them to supper last Sunday.

1. Let’s visit Uncle Peter. (last month)

2. Let’s wash the car. (last week)

3. Let’s cook a Chinese meal again on Saturday. (last Saturday)

4. Let’s watch boxing. (the day before yesterday)

5. Let’s ask Harry and Pat to come over. (only a few days ago)

6. Let’s help your father with the garden again. (last weekend)

7. Let’s play cards with Mike and Jane again. (last Saturday evening)

Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

Exercise 1. (Text 1) Answer the questions:

1. When was Sarah Jones born?

2. Who did Sarah live with when she was a child?

3. Who was the oldest child in the family?

4. Who left school early to help in the house?

5. Have families changed much since she was young?

6. Did her mum have a job?

7. Is it normal today for married women to stay at home?

8. Who came to live with the family in 1947?

9. Who did Sarah meet in 1958?

10. Who did Sarah’s parents invite to the wedding?

11. When do many couples get married today?

12. Has the number of divorces increased?

13. Which five things have changed since Sarah was a child?

14. How have they changed?

15. Which things are similar in your country? Which things are different?

Exercise 2. (Text 2) Answer the questions:

1. What is a gap year?

2. How does it affect students’ personal development and future studies?

3. Why do employers prefer job candidates who have taken a year out?

4. How long did William stay in each of the places during his gap year?

5. What did he do there?

6. How did he describe his trip to Chile?

7. Should Belorusian students take a gap year?

Exercise 3. (Dialogue) Answer the questions:

1. Where is Peter?

2. Does Harold like football?

3. Who comes next?

4. What is the news about the smugglers?

5. What present does Uncle David have for Peter?

6. How old is Peter?

7. What present has Harold got for Peter?

Exercise 4. Dictation-translation.

A.   В.     С.

1. Семьи сильно изменились с тех пор, как я была молодой. 2. У большинства моих друзей было много братьев и сестер. 3. Сегодня многие люди думают, что и трое – это много. 4. Мой дедушка переехал к нам жить в 1947 году, когда умерла бабушка. 5. Это был важный день, и мои родители пригласили всех наших родственников на свадьбу. 6. Число разводов значительно увеличилось. 7. Каждый третий брак в Великобритании заканчивается разводом. 1. Сегодня многие британские студенты оставляют свободным год после школы и перед учебой в университете. 2. Большинство используют свой свободный год, чтобы путешествовать или чтобы поработать за рубежом. 3. Многие работодатели предпочитают тех кандидатов, которые оставляли один год свободным, так как они более опытные, чем другие выпускники. 4. Принц Уильям отнесся серьезно к своему свободному 2001 году. 5. Он прошел шестинедельный курс молодого бойца в Белизе, в Центральной Америке. 6. Он принял участие в десятинедельном образовательном проекте на острове Маврикий в Индийском океане. 7. Работа включала помощь местным жителям в строительстве пешеходного моста и новой пожарной станции. 8. Когда Уильям вернулся домой, он сказал, что поездка в Чили была самым важным событием в его жизни. 1. Очень приятно вас видеть. 2. Познакомься, это Харолд, друг Нэнси. – Очень приятно. 3. Спускайся вниз. Мы ждем тебя. 4. Поздравляю с днем рождения. 5. Вот подарок для тебя. 6. Как насчет песни?

Grammar Exercises

Exercise 1.	Here are the past participles of some verbs. Write the infinitive.
visited – visit eaten – eat drunk stayed won made	seen met cooked flown written sent	taken driven lived bought had done

Exercise 2. Put one of the following auxiliary verbs into the gaps.

am/ is/ are do/ does/ did have/ has

1. Look at those children! They..... smoking cigarettes!

2...... your daughter speak French well?

3...... you learn German when you were at school?

4...... Ben ever been to India?

5. We..... never played volleyball.

6. I..... going to give up smoking soon.

7...... Mark and Jane live near you?

8. When..... you learn to drive? A long time ago?

9...... you written to thank Sue and Bill yet?

Exercise 3.	Put the following sentences: а) in the Present Perfect tense b) in the Past Simple tense.
e.g.:	I have cocoa for supper. (always/ last night) a) I have always had cocoa for supper. b) I had cocoa for supper last night.

1. I drink tea for breakfast. (always/ yesterday)

2. It rains here. (never/ last week)

3. They go to Monte Carlo. (recently/ for their last holiday)

4. That boy eats too much. (already/ at the party last night)

5. He smokes in bed. (never/ when he was ill)

6. Mother makes a nice cake. (often/ for tea yesterday)

7. Do you have coffee after dinner? (already/ at the Smiths)

8. He sleeps in the garden. (lately/ last night)

Exercise 4. Use the correct form of the Present Perfect or the Past Simple

1. I (see) this film twice this month.

2. He (meet) his old friends last month.

3. My wife (not to go to see) her relatives a fortnight ago.

4. The children (go) to the stadium lately.

5. We (not to manage) to get the tickets for the match last time.

6. Tom (answer) just the teacher’s question.

7..... they ever (read) books by Jack London in English before?

8. I (not to see) this film yet but I (hear) a lot about it.

9. I (have) no news from him since he (leave) home.

10. My friend (leave) London in 1995.

Exercise 5.

Put the verbs in brackets into the Simple Past, the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous

1. Mr Johnson (teach) in our school for 25 years now.

2. He (be) in prison since last October.

3. I (never see) her so angry.

4. I (meet) him only yesterday.

5. They (go) out five minutes ago.

6. Tom (write) letters the whole morning.

7. Mother (lose) her white gloves. (you see) them anywhere?

8. Who (write) «Hamlet»?

9. (you hear) anything of him lately?

10. She (write) me two letters this week.

Exercise 6. Use the correct tense form. Reproduce the dialogue

A: Have you ever (be) to Great Britain?

B: I never (be) there before.

A: Have you ever (be) to the USA before?

B: I (be) to New York several times.

A: When you (go) there last?

B: Last time I (be) there two years ago.

A: Did you (enjoy) your stay there?

B: Yes, I (enjoy) every minute of it.

A: How you (like) the weather?

B: I (like) it very much.

Exercise 7.	Form an adverb.
	e.g. eager – eagerly; easy – easily.

1. happy 2. perfect 3. frequent	4. sound 5. quick 6. possible	7. busy 8. good 9. full	10. terrible 11. true 12. enthusiastic
Exercise 8.	Choose an adjective or an adverb.

1. Could I have a ….. word with you? (quick, quickly)

2. She walked away …... (quick, quickly)

3. This is a ….. train – it stops everywhere. (slow, slowly)

4. He talked very ….. about his work. (interesting, interestingly)

5. You’ve cooked the meat …... (beautiful, beautifully)

6. I’ve got an ….. job for you. (easy, easily)

7. She writes in ….. English. (perfect, perfectly)

8. I sing very …... (bad, badly)

9. I feel ….. today. (happy, happily)

10. You seem very …... (angry, angrily)

11. Anne’s a ….. swimmer. (strong, strongly)

12. Could you talk more ….., please? (quiet, quietly)

Exercise 9.	Put in adjectives and adverbs from the box
	daily earlyÚ fast friendly hard hardly late lonely silly

1. I don’t like getting up early so I usually stay in bed too long, and then have to eat breakfast very _____ and run for my train.

2. On the train I read the _____ paper, because after I get to work there’s no more time for reading.

3. The boss is nice, but she makes us work very _____, and I often have to stay _____ to finish everything.

4. There’s a nice new secretary in the office. I _____ know her, but she always gives me a _____ smile when I arrive.

5. She hasn’t lived here long. Perhaps it’s a _____ idea, but I wonder if she’s _____. I think I’ll ask her out.

Exercise 10.

Form adverbs from the adjectives in brackets.

1. I miss you (terrible), my dear!

2. I think that (political) he’s a bit of a leftist.

3. He chatted (agreeable), but he looked a little impatient: he (probable) had to catch a train.

4. He looked (significant) at my briefcase.

5. He spoke (difficult) and very (nervous).

6. We’ve got to work (hard) and (fast).

7. She said she could (easy) do it.

8. You can’t say he speaks English (bad), he speaks it rather (good).

9. Tom is always up with the lark: he rises (early).

10. We must talk (quick), one never knows when they may cut the line.

Exercise 11. Translate into English.

1. Ты был когда-нибудь в Англии? – Да. Я был там в прошлом году 2. Джон последний раз видел Мэри в понедельник вечером. И с тех пор он ее не видел. 3. Дети только что развели костер в саду. 4. Последний раз я играл в футбол десять лет назад. Вот уже 10 лет, как я не играю в футбол. 5. Мой друг окончил школу 2 года назад. 6. Мальчик уже съел слишком много. 7. Мама вчера испекла вкусный торт. 8. Последнее время он спит в саду. 9. Том писал письма все утро. 10. Ты уже помыл посуду? 11. Я только что вызвал такси. 12. Я не видел его с тех пор, как он уехал из дома. 13. Давайте посмотрим телевизор сегодня вечером. 14. Давайте не будем их ждать.

SOME MORE PRACTICE

Task 1.

Complete the story. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Past Simple tense

“A Sad Story of a Sad Man”

One Sunday evening two men...(1)... (meet) in a London pub. One of them was very unhappy.

«Life is terrible, everything in the world is really boring», he said.

«Don’t say that», said the other man. «Life is marvelous! The world is so exciting! Think about Italy. It’s a wonderful country...(2).. you ever....(be) there?»

«Oh, yes. I..(3).. (go) there last year and I..(4).. (not like) it.»

«Well,..(5).. you... (be) to Norway?..(6).. you ever... (see) the midnight sun?»

«Oh, yes. I..(7).. (go) in 1984 and I..(8).. (see) the midnight sun. I..(9).. (not enjoy) it.»

«Well, I..(10).. just... (return) from a safari in Africa...(11).. you... (visit) Africa yet?»

«Yes, I..(12).. (go) on safari in Africa last year and I..(13).. (climb) Mount Kilimanjaro. It was really boring.»

«Well», said the other man, «I think that you’re very ill. Only the best psychiatrist can help you. Go to see Dr Greenbaum in Harley Street.»

«I am Dr Greenbaum», answered the man sadly.

Task 2. Find the forms of the imperative in the text.

Hey Jude

John Lennon and Paul McCartney

Hey Jude don’t make it bad,

Take a sad song and make it better,

Remember, to let her into your heart,

Then you can start to make it better.

Hey Jude don’t be afraid,

You were made to go out and get her,

The minute you let her under your skin,

Then you begin to make it better.

And anytime you feel the pain,

Hey Jude refrain,

Don’t carry the world upon your shoulders.

For well you know that it’s a fool,

Who plays it cool,

By making his world a little colder.

Task 3.

One Episode from the Life of Cowboys

UNIT 10

Grammar:   Texts:     Dialogues:

1. The Past Continuous Tense 2. Prepositions: adjective+ preposition 3. Prepositions: noun + preposition 1. «Noisy Neighbours» 2. «When the Wall Fell In» 3. «Electronic Car» 1. «A good guide» 2. «Shall We Go On?»

Text One

«Noisy Neighbours»

Vocabulary: volume to chase to bark to screech a dressing gown to point a ceiling to bang to smile

Carol and her friends were having a party. They were all making a lot of noise. The record player was playing at full volume. Pete was playing his guitar and Polly was trying to play Tom’s clarinette. To make things worse, Tom had got his dog with him and it was chasing Carol’s cat round the room. Everybody was talking, laughing, singing and dancing. The dog was barking and the cat was screeching.

The doorbell rang. It kept ringing and ringing, but of course they didn’t hear it in all that noise. Then Carol suddenly noticed that there was somebody at the door. She opened it and found her neighbour from upstairs standing outside in his dressing-gown.

– Hello, Mr Smith. What are you doing out here in your dressing-gown? It’s very late. Come in!

Mr Smith pointed to the ceiling and shouted.

– Can you hear that noise? That’s my wife!

Carol listened. Somebody was banging on the floor of the flat upstairs.

– My wife is making that noise. She’s banging on the floor.

Carol smiled at Mr Smith.

– That’s all right, Mr Smith. Don’t worry. We’re making quite a lot of noise, too. Come on in and join the party!

Text Two

«When the Wall Fell In»

Vocabulary: to dig a hole an accident a crack to refuse shock insurance company

At six o’clock on April 21, 1996, the living room and front part of Mr Parker’s house fell in. Mr Parker was having construction workers dig a hole under the front of the house to add on another room. The workers weren’t there when the accident happened, so nobody was hurt. Reporters asked the owner, «What were you doing when the rooms fell in?»

He answered, «My wife and I were talking to the guests. We were showing them the cracks in the front room when we heard a loud sound. The cracks were growing larger, so we called the construction company. But it was too late. The construction workers were still driving here when the rooms fell in».

The owner’s wife was crying while the reporters were talking and refused to have her picture taken. «I was standing right here outside the front room when it fell in», she said. «It gave me the biggest shock of my life».

Mr Parker has told his insurance company about the accident, and it will pay to rebuild the house. The construction company says that the house will soon be as good as new. But many of the things in the house have been lost forever.

Text Three

«The Electronic Car»

Vocabulary: a battery an engine to react Thank goodness! sharp a bend a sign an edge

The electronic car is the most modern car in the world. My uncle had one. The car had no engine, no battery, no brakes, nothing. Instead it had an electronic computer. The computer reacted to the driver’s voice.

When my uncle said, «Thank goodness» the car started. And when he said, «Bread and Butter» the car stopped. One day my uncle was driving in the mountains. The road was very bad. There were many sharp bends. Then he saw a sign, «Stop! Road ends»

My uncle said «Bread and butter» but the car didn’t stop. Again he said «Bread and butter» this time a little louder. But still the car didn’t stop. Uncle was beginning to feel very frightened. «Bread and butter, bread and butter, bread and butter» he shouted. At last the car stopped at the edge of the cliff.

«Thank goodness!» said uncle.

Dialogue 1

«A Good Guide»

Harold: Nancy: Harold:   Nancy: Harold: Nancy:   Harold Nancy: Harold: Nancy:     Harold: Nancy:   Harold: Nancy: Mother: Nancy: Mother: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Mother: Nancy:   Harold: Nancy:   Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy:   Harold: Nancy:   Harold:

This is a very nice house, Nancy. Yes, shall I show it to you? That’s a good idea. I like listening to a good guide. Well, I am a good guide! Really? Just listen. Hm. Ladies and gentlemen. This is the house of the Miller family. We are now standing in the sitting-room. Vocabulary: a guide to laugh at to give a helping hand a kettle a washbasin a lavatory the ground floor the first floor to have a look Very good! Please, sir! You mustn’t laugh at the guide. Hm... Excuse me... Er... guide. Thank you. In the sitting-room there are a table and some easy chairs. Between the window and the door is a television-set. Near the window we see a settee and a radio. Very interesting! Here we are in the dining-room. In the dining-room the family has breakfast, lunch and dinner. Is that so? Now we are going into the kitchen and... Hello, dear. Can you give me a helping hand? Well, I... er... Yes, mother. Would you put the kettle on, Nancy? All right. Where are the matches? Here. In front of your nose. Oh. Thank you, dear. Now we are going out of the kitchen and are coming into the hall. Excuse me, guide. How many floors are there in this house? There are two floors. This is the ground floor and upstairs is the first floor. And how many rooms are there on the first floor? On the first floor there are three bedrooms and a bathroom. Really? Let’s go upstairs and have a look! Here are the stairs. Here we are on the first floor. This is the door to the bathroom. What a big one! Yes, it’s very big indeed. There’s a bath, a shower, a washbasin and here’s the lavatory. The loo. You’re a very good guide, indeed, Nancy.

Dialogue 2

«Shall We Go On?»

Harold: Nancy: Harold: Peter:   Nancy: Peter: Harold: Peter:   Harold: Nancy: Harold: Peter: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold:   Nancy: Harold:   Nancy: Father: Nancy: Father: Nancy: Father: Radio:   Harold:   Father: Peter: Harold: Mother: Harold: Peter: Nancy:

Vocabulary: to come in cosy lovely to feel cold sun spells at any rate Where’s that music coming from? From Peter’s room. Here it is. Hello, Peter, may we come in? Yes, do. I’m just listening to the record I got from Nancy. Do you like the record, Peter? Oh, yes, it’s a very good record. So, this is your bedroom. Is it? Yes, I have a bed, a small table, a chair and a cup-board for my clothes. Yes, I see. It makes a nice study-room as well. Shall we go on, Harold? All right. The next one. See you, Peter. Bye. And this, ladies and gentlemen, is Nancy’s room. What a cosy room, Nancy. Yes, I’ve got a bed, a nice dressing-table and a lovely chair. And a lot of pictures on the wall, too. Look, Harold. You can see our garden from my window. Oh, yes. I can see the lawn, the flower-beds and a tree near the garage. Look, there’s Topper. He’s coming out of the garage. Oh. I’m feeling cold. Let’s go downstairs again. There’s your father in the sitting-room. Hello, Father, what are you reading? Oh, I’m reading Peter’s cowboy book. That’s funny. It’s Peter’s book but you’re reading it. Nancy, turn on the radio, would you? All right. What’s on? It’s time for the news. And now the news. Police officer Warren says the drugs stolen from the factory in Essex will probably be smuggled out of the country along the south coast. There was a serious accident on the A1 near Harlow this morning. Now here’s the weather forecast: rather cloudy. Sunny spells near the coast. Wind moderate, west or southwest. Those drugs again. The police must be all out to catch these smugglers. Ah. They are pretty clever, those fellows. Harold, shall we play football on the lawn? All right. You’re goal-keeper then. Wait a moment, boys, aren’t you hungry? Lunch is ready. Ha, that’s better news! Let’s all go to the dining-room. Well, they are hungry at any rate.

Grammar Notes: Forms and Patterns