Exercise 5. (Dialogue) Answer the questions. 2 страница

6. Why didn’t you take an old car? (new)

Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

Exercise 1. (Text 1) Answer the questions.

1. When do English people have bonfires?

2. What did Guy Fawkes try to do?

3. Where did Guy Fawkes dig a tunnel?

4. When did they plan to light the gunpowder?

5. Why did Guy Fawkes go into the tunnel?

6. Who found the gunpowder under the Houses of Parliament?

7. What happened to Guy Fawkes?

8. What day became Guy Fawkes’ Night?

9. What did people do every year?

10. What do Beefeaters from the Tower do every 5^th of November?

Exercise 2. (Text 2) Answer the questions.

1. How long did dinosaurs live on the earth?

2. When did they appear on the earth?

3. When did they disappear?

4. How long did they rule the earth?

5. Where did dinosaurs live?

6. Why did many dinosaurs live in the water?

7. How did the early dinosaurs walk and what did they eat?

8. How did the later dinosaurs walk?

9. What made serious problems for them?

10. When did the Rocky Mountains form in North America?

11. Did the plant life and the weather change?

12. Could the dinosaurs change fast enough?

13. Where can people see fossils?

14. What are fossils?

Exercise 3. (Dialogue) Answer the questions.

1. Where is Harold going?

2. What’s the price of his ticket?

3. What time is the train leaving? Which platform?

4. What newspaper is Harold reading?

5. Is Harold alone in the compartment?

6. What street is Harold looking for in Hastings?

Exercise 5. Dictation – translation.

A.	1. Человек, по имени Гай Фокс, попытался взорвать Парламент в 1605 году. 2. Он вместе с другими заговорщиками вырыл туннель под Домами Парламента и затем заложил туда порох. 3. Но кто-то донес королю о заговоре. 4. Следуя старой традиции, даже сегодня Бифитеры из Тауэра ищут порох под Домами Парламента каждый год 5-го ноября.
B.	1. Динозавры исчезли 65 миллионов лет назад. 2. Динозавры были самыми крупными животными, которые когда-либо жили на Земле. 3. Динозавры господствовали на Земле очень долго. 4. В течение этого времени, земля Северной Америки находилась под большим и неглубоким морем. 5. Многие динозавры жили в воде, которая помогала им удерживать свой большой вес. 6. Ранние динозавры передвигались на двух ногах, и они питались только растениями.
C.	1. В какое время отправляется поезд? 2. Можно мне сесть у окна? 3. Мне поставить ваш чемодан на полку? 4. Не закроете ли вы окно? 5. Как жаль! 6. Конечно! 7. Скажите, пожалуйста, как пройти к Касл Роуд? 8. Идите прямо, затем первый поворот налево. Это недалеко.

Grammar Exercises

Exercise 1. Put the following sentences:

a) in the Past Simple tense; b) in the Past Simple tense, negative.

1. I break a cup. 2. You cut your finger. 3. Birds fly high. 4. I lie on the bed. 5. I know his name. 6. You lie to me. 7. It costs a lot of money. 8. They drink tea every day.	9. I choose a book. 10. He does his work well. 11. Someone steals the money. 12. You spend too much money. 13. The little boy falls down. 14. The sick man gets better. 15. I eat my lunch quickly. 16. We buy meat.
Exercise 2. Write the following:	a) as a question; b) as a negative question.
e.g.	She came here yesterday. · Did she come here yesterday? · Didn’t she come here yesterday?

A.

1. Jack went to a shop. 2. He bought some eggs. 3. He paid for them. 4. He put them into a bag. 5. He lost the bag. 6. He left it in a tram. 7. Somebody found it.

B.

1. Mr Emmons rang the bell. 2. A young woman opened the door. 3. She took his hat and stick. 4. He sat down and waited. 5. He tried to read a newspaper. 6. The young woman came back. 7. She led him into another room.

Exercise 3. Put questions to the following sentences.

1. He taught English in 1998.

2. They went to Italy on holiday last summer.

3. It began to rain 2 hours ago.

4. My watch stopped this morning.

5. Fred wanted coffee for breakfast.

Exercise 4. Make the following sentences negative. Then give the right information. Use the words in the box.

e.g.	Shakespeare wrote songs. · Shakespeare didn’t write songs. He wrote plays.

radium	The Eiffel Tower	John F.Kennedy	Detective stories
the radio		America	the 20th century	fish	Italy	Germany

1. Christopher Columbus discovered India.

2. Beethoven came from France.

3. Leonardo da Vinci lived in Brazil.

4. The Americans landed on the moon in the nineteenth century.

5. Gustave Eiffel built the Statue of Liberty.

6. Marconi invented the telephone.

7. Marilyn Monroe died in 1990.

8. Marie and Pierre Curie discovered penicillin.

9. Lee Harvey Oswald killed Martin Luther King.

10. Agatha Christie wrote children’s stories.

11. Last night I had grass for dinner.

Exercise 5.	Do these sentences refer to the present or the past? Write «present» or «past». In a few cases both references are possible.
1. That shirt cost me £7.00. 2. He often cuts himself. 3. She hurt her arm. 4. He let me drive his car. 5. She reads a lot. 6. I set the table every morning. 7. I set the table an hour ago. 8. She often hit him. 9. He shut the door with a bang. 10. I hurt my arm yesterday. 11. I often let him drive my car. 12. She always beat him at tennis.	..........(past).......... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................
Exercise 6.	Supply the past forms of the irregular verbs.

1. I often see Harold. I..... him again only yesterday.

2. As teenagers, we always..... each other very well. We still understand each other now.

3. I hardly..... Ray’s wife. Did you know her at all?

4. We always meet on Sunday. we..... last Sunday as usual.

5. I often find things on the beach. I..... this very old bottle yesterday.

6. Someone’s always leaving that window open. Who..... it open this time?

7. I..... a lot of letters when I was young. I hardly ever write letters now.

8. They sell all kinds of rubbish now, but they once..... good handmade furniture.

9. She is very good at figures, you know. She..... first in maths at school.

10. I have the same car now I..... five years ago.

11. I don’t keep pets now, but I..... a dog when I was a boy.

12. Where did you eat last night? – We..... at a restaurant.

Exercise 7. Open the brackets.

1. What you (do) this morning? – I (enter) a telephone box.

2. You (know) how to phone? – No, I (study) the instructions.

3. What (be) the first thing you (do)? – I (lift) the receiver.

4. What number you (dial)? – I (dial) 235678.

5. What (happen) then? – I (listen) to the signals.

6. You (hear) anything else? – Yes, somebody (answer).

7. You (start) talking then? – No, first I (insert) 2p into the slot.

8. What you (do) then? – Then I (start) talking.

9. What you (say)? – I (say) I (be) sorry. I (have) the wrong number.

Exercise 8. Fill in the gaps with one of the words from the box.

Careful! Sometimes no word is necessary.

ago

last

in

for

at

when

on

1. I was born in Africa..... 1970.

2. My parents moved back to England..... I was five.

3. We lived in Bristol..... three years.

4. I went to college three years......

5. I found a flat on my own..... last year.

6. They arrived..... three o’clock..... the afternoon.

7...... we got home we listened to some music.

8. We got up late..... Sunday morning.

9...... the afternoon we went for a walk.

10. I had an accident..... last night.

11. It happened..... 7.00..... the evening.

12. I took my car to the garage..... this morning.

Exercise 9. Copy these sentences using «one» or «ones» to avoid repetition of nouns.

1. St Peter’s in Rome is a large building, but the Great Pyramid is a much larger building.

2. Galileo showed that the small weight dropped as quickly as the large weight.

3. He is fond of nearly all games, but tennis and football are the games he likes best.

4. You asked me to get you a dictionary. Is this the dictionary you want?

5. These shoes are too small. Please get me some larger shoes.

Exercise 10. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Том пришел домой поздно в субботу. 2. Они продали свою машину месяц назад. 3. Вчера он проехал на машине 50 км. 4. Вы приглашали друзей в гости на прошлой неделе? 5. Вы встречали его на вокзале? 6. Они жаловались на погоду, не так ли? 7. Ты ведь не купил тот словарь, правда? 8. Кто потерял зонтик вчера? 9. У них в квартире две больших комнаты и маленькая. 10. Почему он не купил черную машину? – Потому что он хотел белую.

SOME MORE PRACTICE

Task 1. Read the text and answer the following questions:

1. Who wrote the story of Count Dracula?

2. What are vampires?

3. What are vampires afraid of?

“Dracula”

A count from Transylvania wanted to buy a house in England, so Jonathan Harper went there from London to talk about the house. The last part of his trip he traveled by horse carriage. The road went higher and higher and the mountains and the sky were dark. He heard the sound of wolves and he closed his eyes in fear. Then at last the carriage stopped. He looked up at the high walls of a castle. The castle seemed empty and there were no lights in any of the windows. As he stood there, the big door opened and a tall man was standing there with a lamp in his hand. His hair was long and grey and his face was almost white.

He held his lamp up high and said:

- Welcome to my home? Mr Harper. Welcome to Castle Dracula.

The count smiled and Jonathan saw that he had very red lips and that his teeth were long and sharp.

As they went inside, Count Dracula took hold of Jonathan’s arm and he felt that the count’s hand was as cold as ice.

***

This is the beginning of the story of Count Dracula, perhaps the most famous horror story ever written. Do you know how old this story is? Well, a man called Bram Stoker wrote it in 1897 and it has thrilled readers of all ages ever since.

Transylvania is a country somewhere in the Carpathian mountains. They were creatures that never died. They slept during the day and woke up at night. They attacked people and drank their blood and then these people became vampires. But the vampires were afraid of things like the Christian cross and garlic, so the people carried round their necks and had garlic in their beds.

Do you believe in vampires and Count Dracula? They say that there really was a cruel count called Dracula, and today Rumania has opened a hotel in the old castle and calls it “Count Dracula”. Tourists find it very thrilling to go there for dinner and perhaps have a bloody steak and drink red wine, called “Vampire’s Blood”.

Do you believe in vampires?

Task 2. Read the text and answer the following questions:

1. Where did the great train robbery take place?

2. How much money was stolen?

3. How many people robbed the train?

4. Why did they succeed in their robbery?

5. What happened to Ronald Biggs?(see the answer at the end of the book)

“The Great Train Robbery”

…(announcement over the police radio)

“…Look out for a Landrover and a green army lorry. Believe it or not. Someone stopped a whole train last night, and they got away with 2.5 million pounds packed in postbags!”

This is the robbery people still talk about in England, the robbery that the thieves meant to be the perfect crime.

Gordon Goody, a well-known criminal, heard about the large sums of money in the Glasgow to London train every week. So in the spring of 1963 he started planning how to rob the train, and he contacted specialists, such as an ex-parachute jumper, a racing car driver, and a specialist on railway signals. The last of his fifteen men was a small=time thief, Ronald Biggs.

These men painted their cars green and dressed as soldiers. Then about midnight on August 2^nd they left their base: an old farmhouse. When they got to the railway, they switched on a stop signal, cut off the telephone wires and waited.

At 3 a.m. the train was approaching, the engine driver saw the signal and stopped the train. As soon as the train stopped, two men jumped aboard and hit him on the head. It didn’t take the robbers very long to grab the postbags and drive back to the farmhouse. The rest of the night they counted money and felt great.

Then they hid money and went in various directions to hide from the police.

The police soon found the farmhouse and their fingerprints. So they learnt the names of the criminals and the big man hunt started. Most of the thieves went to prison for a very long time. Only one of them is still free, Ronald Biggs. He escaped to Brazil, but makes many secret visits to Britain. This is possible, because he is a very rich man and has a new face.

Task 3. When do we use the Past Simple?

Yesterday

John Lennon and Paul McCartney

Yesterday

All my troubles seemed so far away,

Now it looks as though they are here to stay,

Oh, I believe in yesterday.

Suddenly,

I’m not half the man I used to be,

There’s a shadow hanging over me,

Oh, yesterday came suddenly.

Why she had to go I don’t know, she wouldn’t say,

I said something wrong, now I long for yesterday.

Yesterday,

Love was such an easy game to play,

Now I need a place to hide away,

Oh, I believe in yesterday.

Task 4. Look at the picture and answer the questions:

1. How many people do you see in the picture?

2. Are they all travelling by train?

3. Why are the three men travelling not inside but on top?

4. What do the two men think of their third fellow-traveller?

“Snobbery”

Hi is a snob, he always takes a sleeper.

UNIT 8

Grammar:     Texts:     Dialogue:

1. «Used to». Past habit with «used to» 2. «Used to» and the Past Simple Tense 3. Degrees of Comparison 4. Numerals 5. Prepositions of transport 1. «Transportation Used to be Much Slower than It is Now» 2. «One of the Richest Men in the World» 1. «Harold is Coming»

Text One

«Transportation Used to be Much Slower Than It is Now»

Vocabulary: a desert a camel train transportation trader an improvement frequently a monoplane a biplane a pilot a load an engine a tank further a jet

For many years in the desert, camels used to be the only form of transportation. Before the age of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe. Traders sometimes used to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals. Each animal often used to carry as much as 400 pounds and it could travel twenty miles a day. This form of transportation used to be so important that camels were called the «ships of the desert».

Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very short time. One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000 camels. In addition, trains use special cars for their load. Refrigerator cars carry food; boxcars carry heavy goods; stock cars carry animals; and tank cars carry oil.

Air travel has changed, too. The earliest planes were biplanes, with two sets of wings. The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour. The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air. The plane engines sometimes used to stop in the middle of a trip. It used to be impossible to fly in bad weather. In snow or in rain, the wings frequently used to become icy. Then the plane might go down.

Mechanical improvements during the first world war changed airplanes. Monoplanes took the place of biplanes. Pilots flew inside of covered cabins. Still, even these planes were small. Only rich people used to be able to travel in airplanes.

Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people. No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet. Further improvements have lowered the cost of flying, and they have made air travel much safer than it used to be. A modern Boeing 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour. People never used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes. Now these things are a normal part of air travel!

Text Two

«One of the Richest Men in the World»

Vocabulary: to descend ruling wealth outgoing to share despite shy reserved

His Majesty, Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah, the twenty-ninth Sultan of Brunei, is one of the richest men in the world. He is descended from one of the oldest ruling dynasties on earth – a royal line that goes directly back over 600 years to 1363.

His money. The Sultan’s total wealth is more than $25 billion. He owns hotels all round the world: the Dorchester in London, the Beverley Hills Hotel in Los Angeles, and the Hyatt Hotel in Singapore. He has a fleet of private planes, including an airbus.

Some years ago, in Brunei, he built the biggest palace in the world. It has 1,788 rooms, 5 swimming pools, 257 toilets, 44 staircases, and 18 lifts. The dining-room can seat 4,000 people. The total cost of the palace was $400 million. In 1996, he had a special party there for his fiftieth birthday. It lasted three days and the guests included Michael Jackson, the American musician, the Infanta Elena from Spain, and Prince Charles from Britain.

His country. Brunei is one of the smallest but richest countries in the world. Its wealth comes from oil and gas. Many people in the west think that Brunei is in the Middle East but it isn’t. It’s in East Asia, on the north coast of the island of Borneo. It sells the oil and gas to Japan, and earns $2 billion a year from it. And the beauty is that there are so few people to share all this money. The population of Brunei is only 230,000. The Sultan and his three brothers are part of the government.

His lifestyle. Despite all his money and power, the Sultan is a very shy man. He often goes to international meetings but says very little. In 1965, when he was nineteen, he married his cousin, Princess Saleha, who was sweet, pretty, and only sixteen. Time passed and she became more and more reserved. In 1980, the Sultan met an air hostess called Mariam Bell. She is much more outgoing than many Bruneian girls and the Sultan fell in love with her. So, in 1981, he married her, too, and now the two wives and ten children – four princes and six princesses – all live happily together in the palace.

And the Sultan himself? With all his wealth, is he a happy man? Nobody asks him that.

Dialogue

«Harold Is Coming»

Mother: Nancy: Mother: Nancy:   Mother:   Nancy: Mother: Nancy: Peter: Mother:   Peter: Mother: Peter: Nancy: Mother: Peter: Mother: Peter: Mother: Peter:   Mother: Harold: Mother: Harold: Mother: Harold: Mother: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Mother: Harold: Mother: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Mother: Harold: Mother: Father: Nancy: Harold: Father: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Topper:

Nancy! Are you upstairs? Coming! Where is Peter? Is he at home? No, he’s playing football with his friends. Playing football on his birthday? Naughty boy! He’s trying his new football boots. Vocabulary: naughty dirty clean lazy to be good at What’s the matter? Well, but he must come home, now. Oh, there he is. Gosh, they are good football boots, super! Peter! Look, how dirty you are! Wash yourself and put on your new trousers and a clean shirt! Yes, mum. Hurry up! Harold is coming in a few minutes! All right! All right! Shall I make some tea, mother? Yes, do, dear. There’s a bottle of milk in the fridge. Mother! Yes, what’s the matter? Where’s my clean shirt? It’s on your bed. Oh! (Ding, Dong) Oh, there’s the bell. There’s someone at the door. Good morning. My name is Jones. Harold Jones. So, you are Harold. How do you do. I’m Nancy’s mother. How do you do. Do come in, please. Thank you. Was it very difficult to find? Oh, no, a postman showed me the way. It was very easy. Hello, Harold. There you are. Hello, Nancy. How are you? Fine, thanks. Come, let’s go into the sitting-room. Thank you. Sit down, Harold. What a big cat! Pussy, get off that chair! Is Pussy good at catching mice? Oh, no! She’s very lazy. Aren’t you, Pussy? How about a cup of tea, Harold? Yes, please. Oh, there’s Father at last. Hello, everybody. This is Harold, Father. How do you do, sir. How do you do. Did you have a good trip? Yes, thank you. This is our dog. His name is Topper. How do you do, Topper? Bow-wow!

Grammar Notes: Forms and Patterns

1. «Used to»

(a) «Used to» expresses a past habit or state which does not happen any more.

e.g. He used to smoke, but he never smokes now.

They used to be happy together, but now they fight all the time.

(b) Form:

I, she, They, etc.

used to didn’t use to

smoke. like to cook.

What did you use to do?

Short answer: Did you use to smoke a lot?

· Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

(с) Note the difference between:

a) He used to smoke a lot. – Он раньше много курил. b) He couldn’t get used to getting up early. – Он не мог привыкнуть вставать рано. c) He used his father’s car yesterday. – Он пользовался машиной отца вчера.

2. «Used to» and the Past Simple Tense

(a) The Past Simple can also express a past habit or state.

e.g. He played football every Sunday when he was a boy.

They were happy together when they were first married.

(b) If the action happened once only, we can’t use «used to»:

e.g. We used to go to France every summer but once we went to Greece.

Last night I drank champagne.

3. Degrees of Comparison

		Comparative degree	Superlative degree
Short adjectives	small *big	smaller bigger	the smallest the biggest
Adjectives that end in –y	funny heavy	funnier heavier	the funniest the heaviest
Adjectives with two syllables or more	careful expensive	more careful more expensive	the most careful the most expensive
Irregular adjectives	good bad far many, much	better worse further/farther more	the best the worst the furthest/farthest the most

4. Comparisons of equality and non-equality.

David	is	as	old	as	Helen.
isn’t (is not)	so

She

is

more intelligent younger

than

her brother.

The

better

the clothes

the

more expensive

they are.

5. Numerals

A. Cardinal Numbers
Units	Tens		Hundreds
	one two three four five six seven eight nine		ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen		ten   twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety		2 000 3 000   1 000 000 2 000 000	one (a) hundred two hundred three hundred Thousands one (a) thousand two thousand three thousand Millions one (a) million two million
	a)   b)   c)		twenty-four seventy-eight seven hundred and forty-five five thousand and three two thousand four hundred

B. Ordinal Numbers
General Rule:	cardinal number + th	e.g.	seventh, eleventh
	Exceptions: first, second, third
Note:	five eight nine twelve	- fifth - eighth - ninth - twelfth		twenty thirty twenty-one	- twentieth - thirtieth, etc. - twenty-first

C. Years
	[‘nainti:n ‘hÙndrid ] [‘nainti:n ‘ou ‘faiv] [‘nainti:n ‘siksti ‘faiv]   [‘tu: ‘qauz'nd 'nd ‘tu:]	1900 год 1905 год 1965 год   2002 год	(тысяча девятисотый год) (тысяча девятьсот пятый год) (тысяча девятьсот шестьдесят пятый год) (две тысячи второй год)

6. Prepositions of transport

BY:	air, bicycle, boat, bus, car, plane, ship, sea, taxi, train, tube
IN:	the (my, your) car, a taxi, a helicopter
ON:	my bicycle, the boat, the bus, the plane, the ship, the train

Note that “on foot” means “walking”