| Префиксы
|
| Префикс
| Значение
| Пример
|
| a-, an-
| opposite; without; not
| amoral, antonym
|
| anti-
| opposed to; against
| antifreeze, antidote
|
| audi-, audio-
| relating to sound; relating to hearing
| audiovisual, auditorium
|
| auto-
| of or by yourself
| autobiography, automobile
|
| bi-
| two; twice
| bilingual, biannual
|
| bio-
| relating to living things
| biology, biochemistry
|
| cent-, centi-
| 100; 100th part of something
| centimeter
|
| circum-
| all the way around something
| circumstance
|
| co-, col-, com-, con-, cor-
| with; together
| coexist, collect, compassion
|
| contra-
| against
| contraceptive
|
| counter-
| opposite; against
| counterproductive
|
| cyber-
| relating to computers
| cyberspace
|
| de-
| to do or make the opposite of; remove from; reduce
| decriminalize, devalue
|
| dis-
| opposite
| disapprove, dishonesty
|
| down-
| to a lower position;
to or toward the bottom
| downturn, downstairs
|
| eco-
| relating to the environment
| ecological
|
| electri-, electro-
| relating to electricity
| electrify, electrocute
|
| em-, en-
| to make something have a quality
| empower, enlarge
|
| ex-
| no longer being or doing
| ex-wife, ex-football player
|
| ex-
| out; from
| exit, export
|
| extra-
| outside; beyond
| extracurricular
|
| geo-
| relating to the earth
| geology, geography
|
| hydr-, hydro-
| relating to or using water
| hydroelectric, hydrant
|
| il-, im-, in-, ir-
| not
| illogical, impossible, irrational
|
| in-, im-
| in; into
| incoming, immerse
|
| inter-, intro-, intra-
| between; together; within
| international, introduce
|
| mis-
| bad; badly
| misfortune, misbehave
|
| mono-
| one
| monogram, monologue
|
| multi-
| many
| multicolored, multicultural
|
| non-
| not
| nonsmoking, nonstandard
|
| over-
| too much; beyond; outer; additional
| overpopulate, overhang, overcoat, overtime
|
| poly-
| many
| polygon
|
| post-
| later than; after
| postgraduate, postpone
|
| pre-
| before
| prewar, preview
|
| pro-
| in favor of
| pro-American
|
| pe-
| again
| rewrite, redo, rewind
|
| semi-
| half; partly
| semicircle, semiprecious
|
| sub-
| under; below;
less important or powerful
| subway, substandard, subcommittee
|
| super-
| larger; greater; more powerful
| supermarket, superhuman
|
| sym-, syn-
| with; together
| sympathy, synthesis
|
| tele-
| at or over a long distance
| telescope, television
|
| theo-
| relating to God or gods
| theology
|
| therm-, thermo-
| relating to heat
| thermostat, thermometer
|
| trans-
| on or to the far side of something; between two things
| transatlantic, transportation
|
| tri-
| three
| tricycle, triangle
|
| ultra-
| beyond; extremely
| ultrasonic, ultramodern
|
| un-
| not; opposite
| unhappy, unfair, undress
|
| under-
| too little
| underdeveloped, underage
|
| uni-
| one
| unilateral
|
| vice-
| next in rank below the most important person
| Vice-President, vice-captain
|
| Суффикс
| Значение
| Пример
|
| -ability, -ibility
| used in order to make nouns from adjectives that end in –able and –ible
| accountability, flexibility
|
| -able, -ible
| capable of; having a particular quality
| manageable, comfortable, reversible, responsible
|
| -al, -ial
| relating to something; the act of doing something
| electrical, financial, refusal, denial
|
| -an, -ian, -ean
| from or relating to a place; someone who has a particular job or knows about a particular subject; relating to or similar to a time, thing or person; someone who has a particular belief
| American, suburban, librarian, historian, subterranean, Victorian, Christian
|
| -ant, -ent
| someone or something that does something
| servant, disinfectant, resident, repellent
|
| -ar, -ary
| relating to something
| muscular, customary
|
| -ation, -tion, -ion
| the act of doing something; the state or result of doing something
| examination, combination, completion, election
|
| -cy
| used in order to make nouns
| accuracy
|
| -en
| made of something; to make something have a particular quality
| wooden, golden, darken, strengthen
|
| -ence, -ance, -ency, -ancy
| a state of quality; the act of doing something
| intelligence, obedience, performance, tendency
|
| -er, -or, -ar, -r
| someone or something that does something
| teacher, actor, beggar, writer, photocopier, accelerator
|
| -ery, -ry
| an act; a quality; a place where something is done or made
| bribery, bravery, snobbery, distillery, bakery
|
| -ful
| full of
| beautiful, harmful
|
| -goer
| someone who goes somewhere regularly
| moviegoer, churchgoer
|
| -graph, -graphy
| something that is written or drawn
| autograph, biography
|
| -hood
| the state or time of being something
| childhood, manhood
|
| -ial, -al
| relating to something
| managerial, coastal
|
| -ic, -ical
| of; like; relating to a particular thing
| photographic, historical
|
| -ify
| to affect in a particular way
| purify, terrify, clarify
|
| -ish
| people or language; having a quality
| Spanish, childish, selfish
|
| -ism
| a belief or set of ideas; the act of doing something
| Buddhism, capitalism, criticism
|
| -ist
| relating to a political or religious belief
| Socialist, Methodist
|
| -ity
| having a particular quality
| stupidity, regularity
|
| -ive
| having a particular quality
| creative, descriptive
|
| -ize
| to make something have a quality; to change something to a different state
| modernize, crystallize
|
| -less
| without something
| childless, careless, endless
|
| -logue, -log
| relating to words
| monologue, catalog
|
| -ly
| in a particular way; at regular times
| slowly, quickly, hourly
|
| -ment
| the act or result of doing something
| government, development
|
| -ness
| used in order to make nouns
| happiness, softness
|
| -ology
| the study or science of something
| geology, technology
|
| -ory
| a place or thing used for doing something; having a particular quality
| laboratory, satisfactory, obligatory
|
| -ous, -ious
| used in order to make adjectives from nouns
| dangerous, furious
|
| -proof
| not allowing something to come in, come through or destroy something
| soundproof, waterproof, fireproof
|
| -ship
| having a particular position; an art or skill
| membership, friendship, scholarship
|
| -wear
| clothes of a particular type
| menswear, swimwear
|
| -y
| full of or covered with something; tending to do something
| hairy, fuzzy, sleepy, curly
|
| Перемещение ударения
|
| ‘export - экспорт
| to ex’port - экспортировать
|
| ‘import - импорт
| to im’port - импортировать
|
| ‘produce - продукция
| to pro’duce - производить
|
| ‘increase - увеличение
| to in’crease - увеличивать
|
| Без изменения формы
|
| a place - место
| to place - ставить, помещать
|
| a rise - рост
| to rise - повышать, поднимать
|
| a dress - одежда
| to dress - одевать(ся)
|
| Чередование букв (звуков)
|
| use [s] - употребление
| to use [z] - употреблять
|
| house [s] - дом
| to house [z] - вмещать
|
| a song - песня
| to sing - петь
|
| food - пища
| to feed – кормить
|
| Словосложение
|
| ear + ring = earring
| серьга
|
| some + body = somebody
| кто-то
|
| any + where = anywhere
| в любом месте
|
| well + paid = well-paid
| хорошо оплачиваемый
|
| white + wash = whitewash
| белить
|
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