I 4.3 Именительный падеж с инфинитивом

Этот оборот состоит из подлежащего (субъекта) и инфинитива, который следует за сказуемым. Сказуемое обычно переводится неопределенно-личным предложением, а оставшаяся часть предложения дополнительным придаточным предложением, подлежащим которого является подлежащее исходного предложения, а инфинитив становится сказуемым.

He is said to have conducted this experiment.

(Говорят, что он провел этот эксперимент).

Сказуемое в этом обороте может быть выражено:

1. глаголами (в страдательном залогe):

· умственной активности: assume, believe, consider, choose, estimate, expect, find, hold, know, realize, reveal, take, think, presume, understand, suppose, prove

· речи: announce, report, say, state

· восприятия: hear, see, observe

2. глаголами в действительном залоге:

· seem, appear, turn out, prove, happen, chance.

Если сказуемое в действительном залоге является отрицательным, то при переводе отрицание следует отнести к инфинитиву:

There does not appear to be an obvious solution to the problem. (Кажется, что не существует очевидного решения этой проблемы).

3. словосочетанием в форме to be + adj., выражающим вероятность:

to be sure / certain / bound / likely /unlikely / uncertain / not likely

Упр.10 I.22 Перефразируйте предложения, используя глаголы в скобках в качестве сказуемого.

Пример: Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwrights. (considered)

Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest of all playwrights.

· Mrs Thatcher needs very little sleep. (said)

· The rain will disappear this afternoon. (expected)

· She has an income of hundred thousand pounds. (supposed)

· The super powers are heading for an agreement on nuclear weapons. (thought)

· Three people have been killed in an avalanche. (believed)

· They were skiing in the area when the avalanche started. (presumed)

· The future work will clarify this obscure point. (expected)

· This fact doesn’t raise any doubt. (seem)

· The nucleic acids play an essential part in the cell life. (proved)

· Researchers’ interest in solar-terrestrial phenomena is growing. (seems)

· These cosmic bodies are made up of a new kind of matter. (assumed)

· This idea contradicts experimental findings. (recently/reported)

· This hypothesis disagreed with experimental evidence. (found)

· These data don’t fit our theory. (seem)

· These events have much in common. (happened)

· There is some confusion of terms here. (seems)

· There is a pressing need for a new theory. (appears)

· There is no unambiguous solution to this problem. (seems)

· He has made some progress in this research for the last year. (is certain)

· Industrialisation and environmental degradation go hand in hand. (seem)

Упр. 10 I.23 Преобразуйте сложные предложения в простые, содержащие инфинитивные обороты.

Пример: It is said that she has a frightful temper.

She is said to have a frightful temper.

The metallurgists believe this deposit is too poor for commercial purposes.

The metallurgists believe this deposit to be too poor for commercial purposes.

1. Theybelieve thathe ishonest.

2. It appears that the crime was committed by a left-handed man.

3. It is said that the murderer is hiding in the woods near your house.

4. It is said that the earth was originally part of the sun.

5. It is said that he was a brilliant scientist.

6. We know that gold was extensively used for ornaments by the prehistoric man.

7. At first, man believed that the Earth was flat.

8. Scientists believe that silver is too expensive to be used as a commercial conductor.

9. The management expects that the construction of the new shop will be completed on the schedule.

10. Every schoolboy knows that radium was discovered by the Curies.

11. It seems to me that the substance is reacting in an unusual way.

12. It turned out that the compound contained too little nickel.

13. The chemists didn’t observe that the temperature rose.

14. It is said that a current which always flows in one direction along a wire is a direct current.