Тема 6. Metal Cutting and Locksmith’s Cutting Tools

1. Memorize the following words:

substitute	замінювати
force	сила
groove	паз, канавка
pliers	плоскогубці
bench shears	cтулові ножиці
bench	верстак
alligator shears	ричажні ножиці
hack saw	ножівка
jaw	кулачок, губка, щока
handle	рукоятка, ручка
bed	станина
lateral	боковий
pitch	крок

2. Read and translate the text.

METAL-CUTTING AND LOCKSMITH’S CUTTING TOOLS

Metal cutting differs from chipping in substituting impact stresses by pressing forces in this operation. Cutting is used for separating some part from a piece of metal as well as to cut angles, grooves and pipes. Depending upon the shape and size of workpieces cutting is done by means of different cutting tools such as pliers, bench-shears, alligator shears, hack saws and pipe-cutters made of carbon steel.

Pliers, or wire-cutters are used for cutting thin wire. Pliers consist of two cutting jaws and two handles. A piece of wire is placed between the cutting jaws and the wire is cut by exerting pressure on the handles of the pliers. Bench shears are made of steel. Lateral surfaces of shear blades are hardened, sharpened and ground.

Bench shears are provided with two handles one of which is at a right angle to the other and fixed on a bench. The length of the handle is 400-800 mm, while that of the cutting part is 100-300 mm. The material is cut by pressing on one of the handles.

A hack saw is used for cutting thick metal sheets, bars, round-shaped material, etc. The hack saw consists of a frame and a long toothed blade made of tool carbon steel. The teeth on the blade are hardened. The blades with different pitches have different applications, the pitch of the blade depending on the material to be sawed. The thinner the material to be handled, the finer must be the pitch of the blade used for sawing this material, and vice versa.

Alligator shears is a heavy duty machine for cutting materials of large sections such as pipes, beams, auto frames, axles and different types of industrial scrap. The alligator shears consist of cast iron bed and bedplate. An arm is mounted on the bedplate. A cutting blade is fixed within the arm. An electromotor imparts reciprocating motion to the arm and the blade. The workpiece to be cut is clamped in the machine.

3. Answer the following questions.

1) What are pliers used for?

2) What do the pliers consist of?

3) What is the function of pliers?

4) What material are bench shears made of?

4. Memorize the following grammar material:

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

(Майбутній тривалий час)

+) Стверджувальна форма

I, we	shall be V1+ing
he, she, it, you, they	will be V1+ing

–) заперечна форма

I, we	shall not be V1+ing
he, she, it, you, they	will not be V1+ing

?) питальна форма

…shall	I, we	be V1+ing
… will	he, she, it, you, they	be V1+ing

Цей час означає майбутню тривалу дію, яка буде відбуватися у певний проміжок часу. Уживається зі словами:

Завтра о 5 годині – at 5 o’clock tomorrow, з 5 до 6 години завтра – from 5 till 6 o’clock tomorrow, весь ранок завтра – the whole morning tomorrow, у цей момент завтра – at this moment tomorrow, коли я прийду завтра – when I come tomorrow.

For example: I shall be reading the whole evening tomorrow. We shall not be discussing such problems from 9 till 10 o’clock tomorrow. What will you be doing at that time tomorrow? When he comes tomorrow she will be cooking.

5. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the Past, Future or Present Continuous tense.

1) He (to do) his task now. 2) We (to go) to the library when he met us yesterday. 3) She (to write) her report from 6 till 8 tomorrow. 4) What you (to do) from 4 till 5 tomorrow? 5) You (to speak) over the phone now? 6) The employee (to sell) that equipment the whole morning yesterday? 7) He (to answer) your questions at that time tomorrow. 8) He (not to help) us at 5 o’clock tomorrow. 9) When she comes tomorrow we (to prepare) our tasks. 10) What he (to write) from 3 till 5 o’clock yesterday? 11) He (not to go) to the laboratory when I met him. 12) Who (to watch) TV the whole evening tomorrow? 13) She (not to drive) her car now. 14) When we came yesterday he (to type) his report. 15) The device (not to function) the whole morning tomorrow. 16) What you (to learn) at this time tomorrow?

6. Translate the following sentences into English.

1) Я зараз працюю над новим приладом. 2) Ми не читали весь вечір учора.

3) Вони вивчатимуть це обладнання весь день завтра. 4) Вони зараз відпочивають. 5) Коли ми зустріли їх, вони йшли до лабораторії. 6) Де ви були весь ранок учора? 7) Ми не працюємо з цим обладнанням зараз. 8) Ви зараз отримуєте замовлення? 9) Вони будуть обговорювати цю лекцію весь вечір завтра. 10) Він не продаватиме ці системи весь наступний тиждень. 11) Хто буде працювати в лабораторії з 9 до 10 ранку завтра? 12) Ми не будемо обговорювати ці питання. 13) Наш завод виготовляє різні види сталі. 14) Зубило – це інструмент, виготовлений з дуже міцної сталі. 15) Різальний край зубила має клиноподібну форму.

7. Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct form.

1) He (to leave) the house at 7.45 tomorrow. 2) They (to work) from 9 till 5 tomorrow. 3) What you (to do) at this time tomorrow? 4) We (not to help) yesterday. 5) We (to help) tomorrow. 6) He (to explain) new terms at this time tomorrow. 7) I (not to discuss) this problem from 9 till 10 tomorrow. 8) When he comes we (to work). 9) They (to use) these devices the whole morning tomorrow. 10) You (to translate) this article at this time tomorrow? 11) When you (to make) an order? 12) I (to develop) this device next year. 13) They (to learn) these terms the whole evening tomorrow? 14. She (to finish) her project next week.