II. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined word combinations

1. The dualistic conception is no longer valid in its entirety, whereas some of the postulates of the conception put forward by Kelsen are gradually taking a foothold in the international community.

2. Subject to the limitations, international law is gradually heading towards a ci vitas maxima (a human commonwealth encompassing individuals, States and other aggregates cutting across the boundaries of States).

3. Whichever of the three theories outlined above is chosen, it is a fact that most international rules, to become operative, need to be applied by State officials or individuals within domestic legal systems.

4. One would therefore expect there to be some form of international regulation of the matter or at least a certain uniformity in the ways in which domestic legal systems put international law into effect.

5. International law provides that States cannot invoke the legal procedures of their municipal system as a justification for not complying with international rules.

6. This principle has been firmly stated by both the PCIJ and other courts and is now laid down, with regard to treaties, in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Article 27 of which provides that 'A party [to a treaty] may not invoke the provisions of its internal law as justification for its failure to perform a treaty'.

7. Courts, State officials, and individuals must infer the various provisions to be applied at the national level by way of interpretation.