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Отступления от правил согласования времен
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А. Правило согласования времен не соблюдается, если придаточное предложение содержит универсальную (всеобщую) истину.
| They didn’t even know that life has been developing on our planet for billions of years. | Они не знали даже того, что жизнь на нашей планете развивается миллиарды лет. |
B. Если придаточное предложение содержит высказывание, которое говорящий считает истинным, безотносительно ко времени (пословицы, поговорки).
| When he returned from France he said that East or West home is best. | Когда он вернулся из Франции, он сказал, что в гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. |
С. Если предложение в косвенной речи употребляется во II или III типе условных предложений.
| He said that if he were me, he would attend that conference. | Он сказал, что если бы он был на моем месте, он принял бы участие в той конференции. |
6. Дополнительные изменения в косвенной речи. Личные, притяжательные и указательные местоимения, а также наречия места и времени претерпевают следующие изменения при изменении предложений в косвенную речь.
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
| I, you, he, she we, you, they | he or she they |
| my, your, his, her our, your, their | his or her their |
| this, these | that, those |
| now today tonight yesterday tomorrow the day after tomorrow in an hour last week next week next Friday two days ago | then, at that time that day that night the day before, the previous day the next day, the following day two days later an hour later the week before, the previous week the week after, the following week the following Friday two days before |
Ex. 1. Answer the questions according to the model. Don’t forget to make the necessary changes in the reported speech.
a) A. What does he say? (I am a first-year student).
B. He says he is a first-year student.
1. What does he say? (I live in the students’ hall of residence).
2. What does he promise? (As soon as my exams are over I shall go to Brest for a short vacation).
3. What do the students say? (We had two tests last week).
4. What does mother know? (My son is afraid of dogs).
5. What does the reporter mention? (There have been two accidents on the road).
6. What has the Prime Minister declared? (I am going to London next week).
7. What does the child say? (We have been reading this book for three days, Mom).
8. What will you tell her? (We need some help).
b) A. What did he say? (My sister learnt French).
B. He said his sister had learnt French.
1. What didn’t you know? (She can speak Polish).
2. What did you decide last week? (We all will go to the Canaries Islands).
3. What did she know? (Her boyfriend has already come back to Minsk).
4. What did the administrator announce? (The press conference is taking place in the main hall now).
5. What did the student say? (I have been writing my term paper since Friday).
6. What did Bill say? (I took my dog out for a walk in the morning).
7. What did mother remind you about? (I ought to be more careful when doing my homework).
c) A. What did she ask you about? (Has anybody read the book?).
B. She asked me if somebody had read the book.
1. What did your friend ask you about? (Do you know the password for the computer?)
2. What did the policeman ask you about? (Does the car belong to you?)
3. What did the interviewer want to know? (Do you watch TV every evening, Chris?)
4. What did your father ask you about? (Do you know what you have done?)
5. What did your sister want to know? (Are they getting married this weekend?)
6. What did you say to her? (Can a correct solution be found?)
7. What did he want to know? (Has the situation changed recently?)
d) A. What did he say? (What field of maths are you concerned with?).
B. He asked what field of maths I was concerned with.
1. What did the scientist say? (When will it be possible to introduce a new method?)
2. What did the teacher want to know? (How many English books have you read since September?)
3. What did he say to him? (Who has provided you with this material?)
4. What did the sales manager want to know? (Why did you apply for this job?)
5. What did the examiner say? (How long have you been learning English?)
6. What did the customer want to know? (What are the advantages of a netbook?)
7. What did the secretary say? (When are you leaving: today or tomorrow?)
e) A. Read (Do not read) the book. (a teacher)
B. The teacher told me to read (not to read) the book.
1. Don’t forget to put your name at the top of the page. (an examiner)
2. Be careful when crossing the road, Bob. (mother)
3. Please, write to me as often as you can. (a friend)
4. Don’t drive too close to the car in front. (a driving instructor)
5. Take this medicine three times a day. (a doctor)
6. Fasten your seat belts! (a flight attendant)
7. Don’t go near the house, it is dangerous. (a firefighter)
Ex. 2. Rewrite each sentence as direct speech.
1. I am not sure if they will discover the truth.
2. He asked me whether that scientist was popular.
3. She didn’t know if they had covered all the problems.
4. The inspector wanted to know what the average number of students in an academic group was.
5. The science adviser asked his post graduate if he would be included in the experimental group.
6. Helen says she has chosen the topic of her graduation paper.
7. The librarian reminded that I had to fill in those forms.
8. Father told me his favourite team had lost the game two days before.
9. Peter has just said he has found all information on his site recently.
10. The teacher advised his students to read each question twice.
11. The doctor told the patient to sit down and to tell him what was worrying her.
Ex. 3. Choose the correct item.
1. She asked if I planned to join them _____ week.
a) next b)the last
c) following d) the following
2. They have said that their new computer _____ tomorrow.
a) would deliver b) will deliver
c) would be delivered d) will be delivered
3. The driver said that he _____ be there at 8:40.
a) has to b) had to
c) ought d) will have to
4. He _____ why I had been standing at the bus stop the night before.
a) asked to me b) asked me
c) told me d) had told me
5. She asked me if I _____ time to help him two hours later.
a) have b) will have
c) would have d) am having
6. The manager wondered when _____ them the goods they had ordered.
a) would they send b) will they send
c) they would send d) they will send
7. They complained that the coffee machine they had bought in that store___.
a) didn't work b) don't work
c) hasn't worked d) isn't working
8. He said that actions _____ louder than words.
a) speaks b) speak
c) will speak d) had spoken
9. Jane _____ there was nothing she could do.
a) said me b) told me
c) told to me d) say to me
10. The customer wanted to know _____.
a) how much that book is b) how much is this book
c) how much that book was d) how much was this book
Дата публикования: 2015-02-28; Прочитано: 809 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!
