The participle is a non-finite form of the verb that has properties of the verb, adjective and adverb. There are two Participles in English: Present Participle (Participle I) and Past Participle (Participle II), having three forms.
Forms of the Participle
Transitive verbs
Intransitive verbs
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Active Voice
Present Participle
managing
being managed
going
Past Participle
---------------
managed
gone
Perfect Participle
having managed
having been managed
having gone
PRESENT PARTICIPLE is used to express an action:
1.
simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb
Researchingthe labour market I take into account supply and demand. Досліджуючи ринок праці, я враховую попит та пропозицію.
Researching the labour market I took into account supply and demand. Досліджуючи ринок праці, я враховував попит та пропозицію.
Researching the labour market I shall take into account supply and demand. Досліджуючи ринок праці, я враховуватиму попит та пропозицію.
2.
referring to the present irrespective of the time of the action expressed by the finite verb
The managers working in our company, graduated from Lviv National Polytechnic University. Менеджери, які працюють у нашій компанії, закінчили Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”.
3.
having no reference to any particular time
The managers are the people running the organisation. Менеджери – це люди, що управляють організацією.
4.
preceding thу action expressed by the finite verb if these actions closely follow each other: to enter, to open, to arrive, to see, to hear
Entering the meeting room he greeted everybody. Увійшовши до кімнати зустрічей, він привітався.
PERFECT PARTICIPLE is used to express an action:
1.
preceding the action expressed by the finite verb
Having analyzed the market, they stopped their deliveries. Здійснивши аналіз ринку, вони припинили поставки.
PAST PARTICIPLE is used to express an action:
1.
preceding the action expressed by the finite verb
We looked at the destroyedequipment. Ми дивилися на зруйноване обладнання.
THE OBJECTIVE PARTICIPLE COMPLEX
Noun in the Common Case:
Manager + Participle
Him + Participle
Personal Pronoun in the Objective Case:
the first part (i.e. the noun or pronoun) denotes the subject or the object of the action expressed by the Participle.The Objective Participle complex is used with the verbs denoting:
sense perceptions: to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to observe, to notice
We saw him communicatingwith subordinates. Ми бачили, як він розмовляв з підлеглими.
We noticed the program breaking down. Ми спостерігали, як порушується програма.
wish and mental activity: to want, to wish, to desire, to hate, to intend, to like, to consider, to believe, to think, to find, to know, to expect, to suppose(only Past Participle)
She wanted them fulfillingher order immediately. Вона хотіла, щоб вони негайно виконали її замовлення.
to have, to get(only Past Participle)
She wanted the personnel changed. Вона хотіла, щоб персонал змінився.
I must have my computer repaired. Мені треба полагодити комп’ютер.
THE SUBJECTIVE PARTICIPLE COMPLEX
Noun in the Common Case:
Director + Participle
We + Participle
Personal Pronoun in the Nominative Case:
which stands in predicate relation to the Noun or Pronoun. The Subjective Participle complex is used with the verbs denoting:
sense perceptions: to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to observe, to notice
Progressive companies were observed usingdemocratic style of leadership. Можна було спостерігати, як прогресивні компанії використовували демократичний стиль лідерства.
to consider, to believe, to find(only Past Participle)
The meeting was considered finished. Зустріч вважали закінченою.
THE ABSOLUTE PARTICIPLE COMPLEX
Noun in the Common Case:
Leader + Participle
They + Participle
Personal Pronoun in the Nominative Case:
and they perform the function of the Participle subject. The Absolute Participle complex is used as adverbial modifiers of:
time
The conversation having stopped, everybody went home. Коли розмова припинилася, всі пішли додому.
cause
The presentation being very informative, he called to supplier. Оскільки презентація була дуже інформативною, він подзвонив постачальнику.
manner or attending circumstances and condition
His eyes smiling, he informed us about the system of rewards. Усміхаючись, він поінформував нас про систему винагородження.
studopedia.org - Студопедия.Орг - 2014-2025 год. Студопедия не является автором материалов, которые размещены. Но предоставляет возможность бесплатного использования(0.585 с)...
