Text 7. Orders of architecture

(Continued)

Words and word combinations:

ridged – имеющий борозды, кромки;

plain – (зд.) без узора;

to evolve – происходить;

intimation – указание, сообщение, намек;

elaborately – тщательно (разрабатывать);

to carve – резать, вырезать(по дереву или кости); высекать (из камня);

hoop – обруч;

fussy – вычурный, аляповатый;

to exceed – превышать, превосходить;

advantage – преимущество;

corner – угол.

It developed throughout so called Aeolic capital with vertically springing volutes or spiral ornaments to the familiar Ionic capital, the volutes of qhich spread horizontally from the centre and the curl downward. The order was always fussier and more ornate, less stereotyped than Doric. The Ionic temples of the 6 ^th century exceed in size and decoration even the most ambitious of their Classical successors. Such were the temples of Artemis at Ephesus in Asia Minor and the successive temples of Hera on the island of Samos.

The Corinthian order originated in the 5^th century BC in Athens. It had lonic capital elaborated with acanthus leaves. In its general proportions it is very like the Ionic. For the first time the Corinthian order was used for temple exteriors. Because of its advantage of facing equally in four directions it was more adaptable than Ionic for corners. There are not many Greek examples of the Corinthian order. The Romans widely used it for its showiness. The earliest known instance of the Corinthian oredr used on the exterior is the choragic monument of Lysicrates in Athens, 335/334 BC.

A simplified version of the Roman Doric is the Tuscan order. It has a less decorated frieze and no mutules in the cornice.

The Composite order is also a late Roman invention. It combines the elements from all the Greek orders.

Exercises:

1.Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:

so called Aeolic capital; the familiar Ionic capital; fussier and more ornate; the Corinthian order; general proportions; in four directions; used on the exterior; for its showiness; the choragic monument; the Tuscan order.

2.Give English equivalents of the following phrases:

оно развилось через так называемую; ордер был более вычурный и балее орнаментальный; Ионические храмы 6 века превосходят; храм Артемиды Эффеской; храм Геры на острове Сеймос; упращенная версия.

3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:

1. The order was always … and more ornate, less stereotyped than Doric. The Ionic temples of the 6 ^th century exceed in size and … even the most ambitious of their … successors. 2. The … originated in the 5^th century BC in Athens. 3. There are not many Greek examples of the Corinthian order.4. A simplified version of the …Doric is the Tuscan order.

4. Translate these sentences into Russian:

1.The Ionic temples of the 6 ^th century exceed in size and decoration even the most ambitious of their Classical successors.2. Such were the temples of Artemis at Ephesus in Asia Minor and the successive temples of Hera on the island of Samos. 3. It had lonic capital elaborated with acanthus leaves.4. In its general proportions it is very like the Ionic. 5. For the first time the Corinthian order was used for temple exteriors.6.Because of its advantage of facing equally in four directions it was more adaptable than Ionic for corners.

5. Retell the text.