VII. Прочитайте и переведите весь текст письменно. Составьте краткую аннотацию к тексту

Trends in the Modern Machine-Building Industry

The scientific and technological progress will continue in engineering along two main headlines. Firstly, it is automation, including the creation of "unmanned" industries. Secondly, raising the reliability and extending the service life of machines.

This certainly requires new technology. The machine modules are well suited for "unmanned" industries.

Intense work is being carried out on new robots. What we need is not merely manipulators which can take up a work piece and pass it on, but robots which can identify objects, their position in space, etc.

We also need machines that would trace the entire process of machining. Some have been designed and are manufactured. Over the past few years this country has created new automated coal-digging complexes and machine systems, installations for the continuous casting of steel, machines for spindless spinning and shuttless weaving, machine-tools for electrophysical and electrochemical treatment of metals, unique welding equipment, automatic rotor transfer lines and machine-tool modules for flexible industries.

New technologies and equipment have been designed for most branches of engineering.

In the shortest time possible we are to start producing new generations of machines and equipment, which would allow us to increase productivity several times and to find a way for the application of advanced technologies.

Large reserves in extending service life for machines can be found in the process of designing. At present, advanced methods have been evolved for designing machines proceeding from a number of criteria. Automatic design systems allow for an optimizing of the solutions in design and technology when new machines are still in the blueprint stage.

A promising reserve in increasing the life of parts is strengthening treatment. In recent years new highly efficient methods have been found.

First and foremost of them is the vacuum plasma methods for coating components with hard alloy com­pounds, such as nitrides and carbides of titanium, tungsten and boron. Methods have been designed for reinforcing machine parts most vulnerable to wear and tear, such as in grain harvesters, to make them last several times longer.

VIII. Прочтите еще раз текст и письменно ответьте на во­просы.

1. Which two headlines will the scientific progress continue along?

2. What does automation include?

3. In what way can automation be achieved?

4. What is the role of new technologies?

5. How can the process of designing be improved?

6 What do automatic design systems allow?

7. Which method helps increase the life of machine parts?

8. What is the main task of the engineers and scientists developing new machines and technologies?

Вариант 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола -сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. A University should be a place of light, of liberty, and of learning. /Disraeli/

2. This year we have taken only one assistant.

3. They wll not have prepared the documents by the end of the month.

4. No one could understand a word he said, and an interpreter was sent for.

5. Nancy looked displeased and told me she had been sent to fetch the breakfast tray.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая разные значения слов "It, that, one, as, for since".

1. Since that man is a specialist in that branch of machine-engineering it is necessary to learn his opinion on that subject.

2. It’s no use hoping he’ll ever change his mind.

3. She worked as a secretary for five years.

4. I hate to spread rumours, but what else can one do with them? (Amanda Lear)

5. He winked at me as he passed.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод конструкций "it is (was)... that (who).

1. It was Maria who gave her old bicycle to Pat last week.

2. It’s not the music I hate, it’s the words.