Summary: A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number

Exercise 10: Answer the following questions:

1. Can you give the definition of the term “chemical element”?

2. Do all chemical elements occur naturally on Earth?

3. What elements are the most abundant? Why?

4. How did the elements appear on Earth?

5. What is nucleosynthesis?

Exercise 11: Make your own short report about chemical elements and their use:

Exercise 12: You know that many English words are polysemantic. Can you find equivalents to the following words:

A.

substance	"яблочко", центр мишени (в стрельбе из лука)
crust	сила, твёрдость, решительность
space	дерзость, наглость, нахальство
universe	район, сектор, округ
gold	Реальность
iron	круг (интересов, общения), мир; жизнь

B.

to be in one's element	слишком много дел одновременно
not to mince matters	заслуживающий доверия, надежный
have the iron enter into one’s heart	нет худа без добра
beat all nature	говорить прямо, без обиняков
gold mine of information	быть в своей стихии; чувствовать себя, как рыба в воде
born with the silver spoon in one’s mouth	незначительный, мелкий, ничтожный
copper-bottomed	кладезь информации
irons in the fire	испытывать тяжкие душевные муки, страдать
nickel-and-dime	родился в сорочке
every cloud has a silver lining	превзойти всех, не имеет себе равных

Exercise 13: Listen to the tape “Meet the Elements” and fill in the gaps with the words and phrases from the box:

Iron is a metal. You see it every day.

Oxygen eventually will make it ….

Carbon in its ordinary form is …,

… it together and diamonds are formed.

Come on, come on and meet the elements.

May I introduce it to the friends, the elements.

Like a box of things that are …. to make

Every shape they need to.

Combined to make a ….,

Combined to stand alone as they are.

Neon is gas that … like a sun for a pizza place.

The coins that you pay with are copper, nickel and zinc.

Silicon and oxygen make hundred … …,

Now and some gold and silver for some pizza place class.

Come on, come on and meet the elements.

I think, you should ….the words

That call the elements.

Like a box of things that are … to make

Every shape they need to.

Combined to make a …,

Combined to stand alone as they are.

Team with the other elements making ….

They may combine.

Or make up a simple element formed out of … of the one kind.

Balloons are full of … and so is every star.

Stars are mostly hydrogen, which may some day… your car.

And the ordinary elephants.

Did you know that elephants are … elements.

Elephants are mostly made of four elements.

And every … is mostly made of four elements:

Plants, …, birds, fish, … and man

Are mostly carbon, hydrogen, … and oxygen.

Come on, come on and meet the elements.

You and I are … forms made of elements.

Like a box of things that are … to make

Every shape they need to.

Combined to make a …,

Combined to stand alone as they are.

Team with the other elements making …

They may combine.

Or make up a simple element formed out of … of the one kind.

Come on, come on and meet the elements.

Check up the words that call the elements.

Like a box of things that are … to make

Every shape they need to.

Combined to make a …,

Combined to stand alone as they are.

Exercise 14: Work with text according to our algorithm:

1. Read the title of the text and try to guess what it is going to be about.

2. Read the first sentences of each paragraph and name the questions that are going to be dealt with in them.

3. Read the last paragraph and try to guess what information may precede it.

4. Read the text and find the words and word-combinations with the following meanings: 1) a university lecturer who formerly received fees from his students rather than a university salary; 2) the post of professor in a university or college; 3)a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases; 4)a body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct.

5. Try to guess the meanings of the underlined words from the context, check yourself consulting the dictionary.

6. Readthe text and divide it into logical parts, think of titles to each of them.

7. Make the list of questions dealt with in the text.

8. In each paragraph chose a sentence expressing its main idea.

9. Prepare the annotation of the text.