Complete the text and make a concept map of it

Organisms, range of values, solution, activity, ions, forestry, concentration of hydrogen, electron, measurement scales, oceanography, environment, man-made events, medicine, introduced, water

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous …………………... Pure water is neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at 25°C. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. pH measurements are important not only in chemistry, but also in ………………….., biology, agriculture, ………………….., food science, environmental science, ………………….., civil engineering and many other applications.

The concept of p[H] was first ………………….. by Danish chemist Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen at the Carlsberg Laboratory in 1909 and revised to the modern pH in 1924 after it became apparent that electromotive force in cells depends on ………………….. rather than concentration of hydrogen …………………... In the first papers, the notation had the "H" as a subscript to the lowercase "p", like so: p_H.

The meaning of the "p" in "pH" is unknown. Still scientists say that pH stands for the "power of Hydrogen" and measures the ………………….. ions in a solution, such as…………………... What is a hydrogen "ion?" It is an atom of hydrogen that has lost its …………………... In water, hydrogen automatically gives up its electron to form ions.

pH varies over an enormous range of values. Thus, it has to be measured on a scale that is different from other …………………... A solution with a pH=0 has 10 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH=1 and 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH=100. This "logarithmic" type of scale is commonly used in chemistry and physics to specify the value of numbers that have an extreme …………………...

pH or the concentration of hydrogen ions in water is largely determined by the ………………….. surrounding a lake, river, or stream. Changes in pH can be the result of natural phenomena or …………………... A change in pH can disrupt the life cycles of all ………………….. (animals and plants) and lead to their deaths if the change is hydrogen ion concentration is too extreme.

Vocabulary

Test your knowledge with this crossword puzzle. Answer 15 questions about the water cycle and put the answers into the crossword.

Across 3.Ice crystals that fall from the sky. 6.Water that has been heated to a gas. 9.Frozen rain. 10.A large body of water that flows across the land. 12.A large body of salt water. 13.The process of changing from water vapor to water droplets.

Down 1.What provides the energy that drives the water cycle? 2.The process of water droplets or ice crystals falling from the sky. 3.A small body of water that flows across the land. 4.The process of water moving through the world by precipitation, evaporation, and condensation. 5.The process of water turning into a vapor.

7.These form in the sky when water vapor condenses into water droplets. 8.A large body of fresh water. 10.Water that flows in streams and river into the oceans and lakes. 11.Water droplets that fall from the sky.

Do you know all the words? If yes, prepare a short story about the adventure of a water droplet through the earth and share it with your group mates.

Writing a cover letter.

 Put all the parts of a Pharmacist Cover Letter into the correct order.

____	I welcome an opportunity to meet you in person to discuss the specific duties required at your store and to meet the people I will be working with. Please call me on my cell phone: 888-888-8888 so we can arrange a date and time that works for you. Thank you for considering me for the position.
____	Enc: resume and cover letter
____	Dear Mr. Anderson:
____	This is a profession I have enjoyed for over 10 years. When I saw your listing on JobBankUSA.com for a part-time pharmacist at your Save-A-Lot Drug Store in Any Town, I knew I wanted to bid for the job right away and that is the purpose of this cover letter.
____	Sincerely, Joan Jobseeker
____	Mr. Mark Anderson Hiring Manager Save-A-Lot Drug Store Chain 235 Rainbow Road Any Town, USA 99999
____	I’m aware that among the many duties of licensed pharmacists, is the ability to speak with clients, answer health-related questions, help them make over-the-counter choices as well as explain the proper use and potential side effects of prescribed medications.

‚ Check your knowledge on the filling in of and envelope. Here is an envelope; your task is to match the numbered information on the envelope with its definition.

5695 South 23 Road

(1) Ridgefield

(2) NJ 08887

(3) Mr. Frederick Wolt

Director of Marketing

(4) SmithPring Company

590 (5) 6^th Avenu

Milwaukee (6) WI 53216

_____ a) street name in the mailing address

_____ b) the addressee’s company name

_____ c) the Zip code in the return address

_____ d) the addressee

_____ e) the Zip Code in the mailing address

_____ f) the town the letter comes from

Translation

1. Translate the following text in written form.

2. Background analysis: explain the underlined words in English using an English-English Dictionary.