Adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing the whole numbers

The result of additions of numbers is called the sum or total of the numbers. The numbers to be added¹ are called the addends. In adding a series of numbers, begin with the column at the right. If the sum of a column of digits is ten or larger, carry the tens digits and add it to the sum of the digits in the next column to the left. Careless mistakes are sometimes made because the work was not checked. It is always wise therefore to check your answer.

In subtracting whole numbers, the number which is to be made smaller², or diminished is called the minuend; the number "taken away" or subtracted is called subtrahend. The answer is the difference between the minuend and the subtrahend and it is called the remainder, or difference. In checking a subtraction example, add the remainder and the subtrahend. If your answer is correct, the result obtained by addition equals the minuend.

In multiplication, the number by which you multiply is called the multiplier, the number being multiplied is called multiplicand. The number resulting from the multiplication is called the product. Multiplication can be checked by interchanging the multiplier and multiplicand and multiplying again. Remember that the product of any number multiplied by zero is zero. The product of any number multiplied by one is the same number. The order in which numbers are multiplied does not change the product.

In division, the number that is to be divided is called the dividend. The number by which the dividend is to be divided is called the divisor. The answer is called the quotient. The remainder is what is left over after the dividend has been divided into equal parts. If there is a remainder, it may be written over the divisor and expressed as a fraction in the quotient.

Notes:

¹ the numbers to be added - числа, которые надо сложить

² is to be made smaller- должно быть уменьшено