Ex.4. Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary. 1. _____ exporter should normally clear _____ goods for _____ export, while _____ importer should clear _____ goods for _____ import

1. _____ exporter should normally clear _____ goods for _____ export, while _____ importer should clear _____ goods for _____ import.

2. One possibility would be to maintain _____ ordinary meaning of _____ above-mentioned terms with _____ respect to _____ division of _____ risk between _____ seller and _____ buyer.

3. In order to remedy these problems _____ International Chamber of _____ Commerce published in 1936 _____ set of _____ international rules for _____ interpretation of _____ trade terms.

4. It has also been observed that in many countries it is difficult for _____ foreign company to obtain not only _____ import licence, but also _____ duty reliefs.

5. Therefore, _____ point up to which he would have to pay _____ transportation costs must necessarily be indicated after _____ respective “C” term.

6. Since _____ point for _____ division of _____ costs refers to _____ country of _____ destination, _____ “C” terms are frequently mistakenly believed to be _____ arrival contracts.

7. It is normally desirable that _____ customs clearance is arranged by _____ party domiciled in _____ country where such _____ clearance should take place or at least by somebody acting there on his behalf.

8. In most cases _____ parties would know beforehand which packing is required for _____ safe carriage of _____ goods to _____ destination.

9. Since such costs are normally covered by _____ freight when _____ goods are carried by _____ regular shipping lines, ______ contract of ______ sale would frequently stipulate that the goods would have to be so carried or at least that they should be carried under “liner terms”.

10. _____ other possibility would be to let _____ passing of _____ risk coincide with _____ time when _____ contract of _____ sale is concluded.

11. Traditionally, _____ on board bill of lading has been _____ only acceptable document to be presented by _____ seller under _____ CFR and CIF terms.

12. _____ bill of lading is _____ means of _____ transferring rights to _____ goods in _____ transit by _____ transfer of _____ paper document to another party.

Ex.5. Fill in the blanks with prepositions/ particles where necessary.

1. _____ some trade terms, the buyer might undertake to clear the goods _____ export _____ the seller's country.

2. _____ the “C” terms the seller must contract _____ carriage _____ usual terms _____ his own expense.

3. Frequently parties _____ a contract are unaware _____ the different trading practices _____ their respective countries.

4. The main reason ______ the latest revision _____ Incoterms was to adapt them _____ the increasing electronic data interchange (EDI) and _____ the recent changes _____ transportation techniques.

5. _____ the CIF and CIP terms the seller also has to take ____ insurance and bear the insurance costs.

6. Particular problems arise when the seller undertakes to deliver the goods _____ the buyer's country _____ places or points which cannot be reached until the goods have been cleared _____ import but where his ability to reach that place is adversely affected _____ the buyer’s failure to fulfil his obligations to clear the goods _____ import.

7. Since the seller’s obligation to pack the goods may well vary _____ _____ the type and duration _____ the transport envisaged, it has been felt necessary to stipulate that the seller is obliged to pack the goods _____ such a manner as it is required _____ the transport.

8. It happens quite often that the parties wish to clarify _____ which extent the seller should procure a contract _____ carriage including the costs _____ discharge.

9. Sometimes _____ commodity trade goods can be bought while they are carried _____ sea and _____ such cases the word “afloat” is added _____ the trade term.

10. Since _____ the CFR and CIF terms the risk _____ loss _____ or damage _____ the goods would have passed _____ the seller _____ the buyer, difficulties _____ interpretation might arise.

11. The «D» terms are different _____ nature _____ the “C” terms, since _____ _____ the “D” terms the seller is responsible _____ the arrival _____ the goods _____ the agreed place _____ destination.

12. The seller must bear all risks and costs _____ bringing the goods thereto.