Наречия частотности и вероятности

Наречия частотности и вероятности используются, чтобы сказать

~как часто: a lot, always, ever, frequently, hardly ever, never, normally, occasionally, often, rarely, sometimes, usually или

~ с какой вероятностью: certainly, maybe, definitely, obviously, perhaps, possibly, really что-то происходит. Обычно эти наречия употребляются перед смысловым глаголом, но после глагола be, когда он является смысловым. Наречие perhaps всегда употребляется в начале предложения.

**Упр. 11.13 Закончите предложения одним из предложенных наречий так, чтобы получившиеся утверждения правильно описывали ваши действия в данных ситуациях.

never hardly ever rarely occasionally sometimes always usually nearly often regularly normally

1. I _______ deal with digital technology.

2. I am _______ involved in hi-tech projects.

3. I _______ devise a solution to an urgent problem.

4. I _______ apply for patents for my inventions.

5. I _______ apply for grants to conduct my research.

6. I _______ deduce something using a thought experiment.

7. I am _______ used as 'a guinea pig' in somebody's experiments.

8. I _______ generate hypotheses on the eve of the meeting with my scientific adviser.

9. I _______ process experimental data.

10. I _______ apply reasoning, logic and proof to my work.

11. I _______ have no evidence for concluding something, just my intuition.

12. I _______ submit articles to scientific journals.

13. I _______ deliver papers at conferences and seminars.

14. I _______ browse the Net searching for necessary information.

15. I _______ become completely obsessed by some extravagant theories.

16. I _______ make a discovery doing a routine monitoring job.

Упр. 11.14 Ответьте на следующие вопросы, используя наречия вероятности из предложенного списка.

definitely certainly probably possibly probably not definitely not

1. Will you enjoy your next English lesson? Definitely.

2. Will you do your next piece of homework on time? _____.

3. Do you think you will visit England within the next year? _____.

4. Will you ever be very rich? _____.

5. Will you be moving to a new house within the next year? _____.

6. Do you think you will learn to speak English really fluently? _____.

7. Do you think the best way of learning a language is by living in a country where that language is spoken? _____.

8. Do you think that reading a lot in English is a good way to improve your English? _____.

Упр. 11. 15 Конкретизируйте предложения, употребив обстоятельства, данные в скобках.

1. I go swimming. I usually go swimming at the weekend. (usually/at the weekend)

2. I go to the computer centre of the University. _______(normally/twice a week)

3. Peter went to visit his grandparents. _______ (on Sundays/often)

4. The British are talking about the weather. _______ (always)

5. I'll be back. _______ (in a couple of minutes/probably)

6. He will be at home. _______ (probably/at lunchtime)

7. He should have telephoned. _______ (by now/certainly)

8. I locked door. _______ (last night/definitely)

9. He phoned home. _______(usually/every day)

10. They didn't get there. _______(in time/perhaps)

11. We go to the theatre. _______(hardly ever/nowadays)

12. John will call round. _______ (tomorrow/probably)

11.4.3 Наречия длительности – already, still, yet, any more, any longer, no more

Already – употребляется когда что-то произошло быстрее, чем ожидалось; still в ситуациях, которые не изменились к какому-то моменту в прошлом настоящем или будущем. Так же как и a lready, still употребляется перед смысловым глаголом и после глагола ‘be’, если он является смысловым. Yet употребляется в конце отрицательных и вопросительных предложений, чтобы сказать, что что-то еще не произошло к данному моменту времени, но, ожидается, что произойдет позже.

I am already aware of that problem.

He still works here but his wife left last year.

Have you joined the scientific society yet?

Already может стоять в начале или в конце предложения для эмфазы. Still в отрицательных предложениях после подлежащего выражает большую степень удивления или нетерпения. (He still didn't say a word) Still в начале предложения близко по значению after all или nevertheless и, как правило, отделяется запятой (Still, it’s not too bad. We’ll still have a chance to win). Yet в начале предложения близко по значению but (They know they won’t win. Yet they keep on trying).

Any more, any longer в конце отрицательных предложений указывает на то, что ситуация изменилась. В формальном английском эту же мысль можно выразить, употребив в конце или перед смысловым глаголом утвердительного предложения выражения no more, no longer. (He could stand the pain no more. He no longer wanted to buy it.)

Упр. 11.16 Заполните пропуски наречиями yet или any longer / any more.

1. I've started learning French but I haven't learned very much yet.

2. Time is running out. We can't wait _______.

3. We aren't ready to start _______. Let's wait a little longer.

4. Mary posted the letter last week but I haven't got it _______.

5. You mustn't leave _______. The party is only just beginning.

6. If you stand there talking _______ we'll miss our train.

7."Where's John?" "He isn't here _______. He'll be here soon."

8. Jill used to work at the airport but she doesn't work there _______.

Упр. 11.17 Заполните пропуски наречиями already или still.

1. You needn't tell Harry. He already knows.

2. I didn't know you were _______ working at Brown's. You've been there for ages.

3. Joe _______ lives in Manchester where he was born.

4. I'm _______ trying to finish my homework. I've _______ been at it for three hours.

5. "Shall I introduce you to Jim?"
"There's no need. We've _______met".

6. I've _______ seen that film and I don't want to see it again.

7. It happened a long time ago but I can _______ remember it very clearly.

8. Do you _______ live in the same house or have you moved?

Упр. 11.18 Поставьте наречия в скобках в нужное место в предложении.

Пример: John doesn't live in London (any more).He's moved to Bristol. John doesn't live in London any more.

1. The children haven't gone to bed (yet). They're watching television.(still)

2. "Is Anne here?" (still) "No, she has left". (already)

3. Becky hasn't gone to university. (yet) She's at school.(still)

4. Have you started your new job or are you working in London? (yet, still)

5. Tom had eaten well but he was hungry.(still)

6. Since her accident, Susan plays golf but she doesn’t play tennis. (still, any more)

7. I offered to help Joe with her car but he had mended it. (already)

8. Thanks for your help. I won't trouble you. (any more)

9. "Have you finished your homework, or are you working on it?" (yet, still)

"I've finished it".(already)

10. Do you want to join the club or are you a member? (still, already)