Эмфатические конструкции

Эмфатической конструкцией называется конструкция, которая служит для выделения того или иного члена предложения.

Если предложение начинается с отрицательных наречий или наречий, имеющих отрицательное значение таких как: under no circumstances at no time not until hardly... when not only... but (also) scarcely... when no sooner... when / than rarely seldom never (before) little only nowhere neither nor so,

то сказуемое в таких предложениях предшествует подлежащему. В предложениях, начинающихся с no sooner сказуемое всегда употребляется в прошедшем совершенном времени.

Tim had no sooner left than the phone rang. No soonerhad Tim left than the phone rang.

Прочитайте следующие пары предложений. Обратите внимание, что второе предложение каждой пары более эмоциональное чем первое, и подлежащее следует за вспомогательным глаголом.

1.a You should not smoke in this area under no circumstances.

b Under no circumstances should you smoke in this area.

2.a The company has never had such a successful year.

b Never has the company had such a successful year.

Инверсии используются преимущественно в формальном стиле.

Упр. 11.25 Перефразируйте предложения, употребив эмфазу.

1. I love the seasons in England.

What I love about England is the seasons.

2. Where does he get his money from? I don't understand this.

The thing _______ is where _______.

3. She has a sense of humour. I like this about her. What ___________.

4. I don't like the dark winter evenings. It's ___________.

5. Those children need firm guidance. What ___________.

6. Jenny always has to know best. I don't like this about her.

The thing _______is the way ___________.

7. I don't want money. I want love. It isn't ___________.

8. John never buys you a drink. I can't stand this.

What_______ is the fact that ___________.

9. Kathy's sincere. You have to remember this about her. The thing _______.

10. He's jealous because I'm rich and he isn't. It's the fact ___________.

11. Antiseptics were first used in 1865. It was not until ___________.

12. The evolution theory was formulated as far back as the 1880's.

It was not until ___________.

13. Scientists explain facts and make predictions.

Not only do _______ but they also ___________.

14. This definition is incomplete and can be misleading.

Not only is this _______ but it also can ___________.

15. The approach will be practicable and may give a better result.

Not only will the approach _______ but it also ___________.

Упр. 11.26 Перефразируйте предложения, начав его с подчеркнутого слова (или слов в скобках).

1. I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production.

2. She would never again trust her own judgement when buying antiques.

3. She little thought that I knew all about her.

4. One rarely finds good service these days.

5. I only realised how dangerous the situation had been when I got home. (Not until...)

6. It is not only very expensive, but it is of a very poor quality. (Not only... but also)

7. The world has never faced so many problems.

8. Air pollution has never been as bad as it is now.

9. The floods were so devastating that some areas might never recover.

10. The cacti bloom in the desert only after it rains. (Not until...)

Упр. 11.27 Составьте предложения из предложенных слов. Начните каждое предложение с подчеркнутого слова.

1. been / seldom / after / so / I / meeting / have / tired / a

2. I / my / office / sooner / sooner / no / in / arrive / rang / did / telephone / the / than

3. disturbed / no / I / be / must / circumstances / under

4. on / did / a / only /of / lot / the / market / put / research / after / they / the / product

5. any / to / relax / does / she / rarely / have / time

6. 1986 / not / factory / our / able / to / until / were / we / buy / own

7. little / redundant / that / soon / he / be / made / he / realise / does / will

8. by / boss / dropped / my / hardly / report / started / had / the / I / when

Упр. 11.28 Заполните пропуски наиболее подходящим словом или выражением (A,B,C or D) из предложенного списка.