Text B. Sechenov and his works on the blood gases

I. M. Sechenov (1829-1905) was a prominent Russian scientist, the founder of Russian physiology and scientific psychology.

The range of Sechenov’s scientific interests and the number of his research works are really great. 106 scientific works were written by him. In these works he included the findings which he had observed and determined before. Some of his research works were connected with the investigation of the blood gases and their role in the respiratory process.

I. M. Sechenov isolated the blood gases and found out the most of blood gases were combined with erythrocytes. No physiologist had been able to do it before Sechenov. On the basis of his observations Sechenov came to the conclusion that hemoglobin was that substance of the blood which accomplished the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the respiratory process. Physiologists of many countries who had worked on this problem before Sechenov could not estimate the role of hemoglobin in the act of respiration. So the accomplishment of the respiratory process is due to hemoglobin.

I. M. Sechenov investigated the process of absorption of carbon dioxide by the solutions of salts. When he had completed his investigations he proved only 2/3 of carbon dioxide were dissolved in plasma. The rest of carbon dioxide was combined with the red blood cells. The transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs was due to the law of diffusion of gas from fluid into the air. When Sechenov had investigated this phenomenon he was able to answer the question why oxygen passed into the blood from atmospheric gases during the act of respiration.

TASKS

I. How do we call a person who:

1. discovers something? 2. founds some new theories? 3. investigates some new phenomena? 4. researches in some field of science? 5. observes some changes in the experiments?

II. Answer the questions:

1. What was I. M. Sechenov?

2. What was he the founder of?

3. How many scientific works did he write?

4. What did he investigate?

5. What conclusion did he come to?

6. What did Sechenov investigate the process of absorption of carbon dioxide by?

7. What is the transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs due to?

III. Translate text C using a dictionary: