Text C

According to their functions different organs of the human body are divided into several systems: the skeleton, the muscular system, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urogenital [‘juqrq’Genitl] system, the nervous system, the excretory [eks’krJtqri] system, the endocrine [‘endoukrQin] system.

The heart and the large blood vessels connected with it as well as the lungs and the esophagus are in the thoracic cavity. The spleen, the liver and the stomach are in the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. The small and large intestines are in the abdominal cavity lower than the stomach, the liver and the spleen. The kidneys are on the posterior side of the abdominal cavity.

II. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the main systems of the human body?

2. What cavities of the body can you name?

3. What organs are located in each of these cavities?

III. Name the words belonging to the following systems:

a. cardiovascular b. nervous c. respiratory d. digestive e. the skeleton

brain, vessels, septum, lungs, kidneys, breastbone, ventricle, pleura, stomach, mediastinum, intestines, nerves, ribs, valves, gallbladder, pelvis, pericardium, tongue, extremities, caecum, thigh, liver, shoulder, ileum, palate

IV. Find the Latin adjective corresponding to each English noun:

mouth vascular

teeth gastric

tongue oral

heart hepatic

vessels dental

lungs lingual

stomach cardiac

liver pulmonary

V. Find the odd word in each line and explain your choice:

1. always, never, usually, already

2. heart, gallbladder, bile, esophagus

3. disappear, responsible, impossible, reconstruction

4. digestive, dangerous, difference, important

5. drug, remedy, valve, medicine

6. smallpox, fever, headache, pain

7. surgery, therapy, histology, obstetrics

8. carrying, dividing, everything, determining

VI. Using the English words make up sentences corresponding to the Russian ones:

1. В мире издается много медицинских журналов.   2. В этом журнале есть несколько интересных статей.   3. В этой книге описаны великие открытия, сделанные российскими учеными.   4. Врачу пришлось изменить лечение, чтобы восстановить здоровье пациента   5. Что изучает анатомия? 6. Сколько клапанов в сердце?     7. С помощью чего можно определить границы органов?

many, published, world, the, are, medical, journals, in   some, are, interesting, in, there, this, papers, journal   book, discoveries, by, are, great, the, this, Russian, described, in, made, scientists     doctor, restore, to, health, the, the, had, to, the, patient’s, treatment, change     anatomy, study, does what many, valves, there, the, in, how, are, heart   can, borders, determine, one, of, the, what, organs, with, the

VII. Read, find and define the predicates and translate the sentences:

1. The blood passing through the portal vein is carried to the liver.

2. Making the medical examination the physician considered that his condition was

normal.

3. The received findings helped the surgeon to perform the operation successfully.

4. The liver cells process the digested food, change it into substances that the body

will need then store them until they are required.

5. Patients in whom little bile is reaching the intestine may have difficulties in their

absorption of fats.

VIII. Make up questions to the underlined words:

1. The motive function of the upper extremity was restored after the course of the

proper treatment.

2. This patient’s temperature will be taken every two hours.

3. About 130 scientific works were written by Lesgaft.

4. The large intestine is divided into caecum, colon and rectum.

5. The atrium and the ventricle of the right heart chamber are connected by the

tricuspid valve.

IX. Read the text: