The digestive system

I. Прочтите следующие слова и дайте их русские эквиваленты:

secrete [si’krJt], role [roul], toxic [‘tOksik], substance [‘sAbstqns], reservoir [‘rezqvwR], container [kqn’teinq], occupy [‘OkjupQi], mechanical [mi’kqenikql], chemical [‘kemikql], enzyme [‘enzQim], abdominal [qb’dOminql], active [‘qektiv], process [‘prousqs]

II. Запомните произношение следующих слов:

membraneous [mem’breinjqs] - перепончатый

anus [‘eines] – задний проход

pharynx [‘fqeriNks] - глотка

esophagus [J’sOfqgqs] - пищевод

pancreas [‘pqeNkriqs] – поджелудочная железа

gland [glqend] - железа

salivary [‘sqelivqri] - слюнный

duodenum [,djHou’dinqm] – двенадцатиперстная кишка

jejunum [Gi’GHnqm] – тощая кишка

ileum [‘iliqm] – подвздошная кишка

caecum [‘sJkqm] – слепая кишка

colon [‘koulqn] – ободочная, толстая кишка

rectum [‘rektqm] – прямая кишка

III. Выучите новые слова и словосочетания:

alimentary [,qeli’mentqri] - пищеварительный

mouth [mQuT] - рот

stomach [‘stAmqk] - желудок

intestine [in’testin] – кишечник, кишка

small intestine – тонкий кишечник

large intestine – толстишечник

gallbladder [‘gLl’blqedq] – желчный пузырь

tongue [tAN] - язык

coated tongue – обложенный язык

palate [‘pqelit] - небо

soft palate – мягкое небо

hard palate – твердое небо

also [‘Llsou] – тоже, также

portion [‘pLSqn] – часть, отдел, порция

to measure [‘meZq] - измерять

measure – мера, величина

to participate [pR’tisipeit] принимать участие, участвовать

to digest [di’Gest] –переваривать, усваивать

digestion [di’GestSqn] – пищеварение, усвоение пищи

to defend [di’fend] - защищать

defense - защита

to move [mHv] – двигать, шевелить

to pass [pRs] – проходить, протекать

bile - желчь

tube [tjHb] – трубка, труба, тюбик

IV. Прочтите и переведите однокоренные слова:

digest, digested, undigested, digestion, indigestion; defend, defending, defended, defense, defensive; move, moving, moved, movement; participate, participation, participating, participant; act, active, actively, action, activity

V. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

portions of the small intestine, salivary glands, soft and hard palate, abdominal cavity, digestive system, vital activities, to participate in the process, toxic substances, defensive function, bile reservoir, container of food, mechanical and chemical changes, to pass into large intestine

VI. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения:

1. The soft palate is a continuation of the soft tissues covering the hard palate. 2. The small intestine composed of three main portions is a thin-walled muscular tube. 3. The weight of the largest of the salivary glands is 28 gr. 4. The liver consists of small lobules connected together by connective tissue, different vessels and nerves. 5. The duodenum is called so because its length measures about the length of twelve fingers. 6. The liver consisting of lobes is covered with a fibrous coat. 7. The peritoneum is a serous coat covering the inner surface of the abdominal wall. 8. The shape of the stomach changes when it dilates and its borders greatly extend. 9. Bile secreted by the liver participates in the digestive process and has a defensive function. 10. Food undergone mechanical and chemical changes passes from the small intestine into the large one.

VII. Прочтите, определите функцию слова that и переведите предложения:

1.We liked that lecture very much. 2. The function of the liver is different from that of the stomach. 3. The valve that divides the atrium and the ventricle in the left chamber is called the mitral valve. 4. That portion of the alimentary tract which forms the large intestine consists of caecum, colon and rectum. 5. The brain of the man is heavier than that of any lower animal.6. The scientist determined that the heart consisted of thin vascular tubes. 7. The vital capacity of the lung in the male is bigger than that in the female.

VIII. Закончите предложения одним из предложенных вариантов и переведите их:

1. The lecturer told us that the total weight of the blood pumped by the heart daily …

a. is ten tons

b. was ten tons

c. had ten tons

2. Before Visalius the scientists considered that the left and the right heart chambers..

a. are connected by the valves

b. connected by the valves

c. were connected by the valves

3. He read in the book that ancient Greeks … arteries “air ducts”.

a. called

b. call

c. were called

4. The physician determined that the patient …

a. has pneumonia

b. was pneumonia

c. had pneumonia

IX. Переведите следующие предложения:

1. Врач сказал, что он знает этого пациента.

2. Хирург сказал, что эта операция не опасна.

3. Мы знали, что эта медсестра работает в хирургическом отделении.

4. Они сказали, что могут помочь нам.

5. Я был уверен, что он не болен.

X. Прочтите и переведите текст: