A, Loose-packed position. B, Close-packed position

2.6. Insert prepositions if necessary.

1. Accessory motion is thought … in millimeters, although precise measurement is difficult. 2. Accessory movements may be … hypomobile, normal, or hypermobile. 3. Each joint has a range … motion continuum with an anatomical limit (AL) to motion that is determined … both bony arrangement and surrounding soft tissue. 4. In a hypomobile joint, motion stops … some point referred to as a pathological point of limitation (PL), short … the anatomical limit caused … pain, spasm, or tissue resistance. 5. A hypermobile joint moves beyond its anatomical limit because … laxity … the surrounding structures. 6. A hypomobile joint should respond well to techniques … mobilization and traction. 7. A hyper-mobile joint should be treated … strengthening exercises, stability exercises, and, if indicated, taping, splinting, or bracing.

2.7. Use the sentences below in one of the past tenses.

1. Treatment techniques designed to improve accessory movement are generally small-amplitude movements, the amplitude being the distance that the joint is moved passively within its total range. 2. Mobilization techniques use these small-amplitude oscillating motions that glide or slide one of the articulating joint surfaces in an appropriate direction within a specific part of the range.

2.8. Make the following sentences interrogative.

1. Maitland has described various grades of oscillation for joint mobilization. 2. The amplitude of each oscillation grade falls within the range of motion continuum between some beginning point (BP) and the AL. 3. The given figure shows the various grades of oscillation that are used in a joint with some limitation of motion. 4. As the severity of the movement restriction increases, the PL will move to the left, away from the AL. 5. However, the relationships that exist among the five grades in terms of their positions within the range of motion remain the same.

2.9. Act out the conversation.