Arrange the following worlds into pairs of antonyms

distort	careless
faint	sporadic
attend	help
deliberate	absent
disguise	balance
frequent	puzzling
interfere	bare
obvious	strong

9. Translate into English:

1. Свідомість — це окрема функція мозку, яка відрізняється від пам'яті та інших процесів мозку.

2. Існує багато різних тлумачень терміна "свідомість", але ніхто ще не дав його точного та переконливого визначення.

3. Свідомість може означати потік відчуттів, думок, уявлень та емоцій, що часто називається потоком свідомості.

4. Завдяки селективності нашої свідомості ми можемо приділя­ти більше уваги одним речам та не усвідомлювати інших се­ред різноманітної інформації, яку ми отримуємо.

5. Мало хто з людей розглядає сон як стан свідомості, але ро­зум залишається відносно активним протягом сну.

6. Дослідження показали наявність п'яти різних стадій сну, че­рез кожні з яких проходить той, хто спить дев'яносто хвилин.

7. Зиґмунд Фрейд вірив, що сни мають два рівні змісту — ви­ражений, який є сплетінням щоденних подій, та прихова­ний, який передає несвідомі потреби та потяги індивіда.

8. Вивчення снів у лабораторіях показує, що чотири чи п'ять снів, які, як правило, сняться за ніч, взаємопов'язані й мо­жуть стосуватися тієї ж самої теми чи проблеми.

9. Деяким людям сняться щоразу нові сни, інші ж кажуть, що вони взагалі не бачать снів.

10. Хоча стан загіпнотизованої людини схожий на стан сновиди, очевидно, що гіпноз не є сном, все ж, незважаючи на бага­торічні дослідження, психологи не можуть дати його точного визначення.

10. Read and translate the text:

A Good Night's Sleep — an Impossible Dream?

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America's sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days — and, increasingly, nights — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-the-clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans ate sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century — and the problem is likely to get worse: "The 24-hour society is here, and it's growing", says one of the slumber scientists. "Physiologically, we just cannot adapt that well".

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to its ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their life indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone's lane because driving while tired is very similar to driving drunk.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. "People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange", says one of them. "It's been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It's macho attitude". Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behaviour in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies' light-activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-to-5 day, because of noises or family obligations or that's the only time they can go to the dentist.

As one may imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of a sleep. One of the companies has specially designed shift-work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shift-work's theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people's biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that, in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-hour credit-card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder's goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as "therapeutic caffeine use", but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night's sleep an impossible dream for Americans? May be so.

11. Pick out the words in the text, which may be grouped under the heading "Sleep".

12.Answer the following questions:

1. Why do you think the text starts and ends with the same question?

2. Why are Americans called a somnambulant nation?

3. What are the consequences of sleep deprivation?

4. What experiment was conducted at the University of Chicago?

5. What are sleep experts irritated by?

6. What are the ways to promote alertness?

7. What problems do night workers face?

8. Is it possible to adjust people's biological clocks?

9. What are researchers experimenting with?

13. Are you in favour of or against the following? Explain your choice:

a) TV and Internet as night entertainment options;

b) sleep deprivation as a macho attitude;

c) taking strategic naps;

d) night work;

e) shift-work lighting systems;

f) therapeutic caffeine use.

14. Describe:

a) your physical state after a sleepless night;

b) your idea of a good night's sleep.

15. Characterize the position towards sleep problems taken by:

a) slumber scientists;

b) doctors;

c) biologists;

d) some companies;

e) experimenters.