Soluble fraction, alkali solubility tests 1060

solution viscosity 1248–1251

Solvay process, chlorine dioxide generation

Solvent retention 1268

solvents, cellulose 1240–1241

Sootblowing steam, kraft recovery boiler 985

Sorbed manganese, as function of pH 523

Sorbed sodium, as function of pH 520

sorption, pulp washing theory 519–523

Sorted recovered paper, handling 1189

sorting, recovered paper 1187–1190

Southem pine, effect of polysulfide 312

Southern mixed hartwood, pulp yield as

Function of kappa number 230

Southern pine, pulp yield as function of kappa

Number 230

Southern red oak, average moisture content

Specialty papers, utilization rate 1169

Specific consumption, active kraft cooking

Chemicals 221

Specific drainage resistance 515

Specific light absorption coefficient

– residual softwood lignin 266

– unbleached pine 269

Specific surface

– as function of fiber concentration 514

– dry fibers 1267

Specific volume, pulp bleaching 1131

Specific yield loss 949

Spectroscopy

– cellular UV 44

– energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 40

– Fourier transmission infra-red 159

– NMR 31, 168, 173–174, 254

– Raman 117, 178

– solid-phase NMR spectroscopy 1261–1262

– time-of-flight secondary ion mass

Spectroscopy 60

– X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 60

Spent sulfite liquor 448, 962

Spermatophytes, lignin 30

Index 1343

Spinnability, cellulose 1034

Spiral burrs, pulp stone 1094

Spiral thickenings 44

Spruce

– average moisture content 125

– characterization of unbleached kraft pulp in