Kraft pulping

– black liquor 111–112

– carbohydrates reactions 174–181

– chemistry 163–185

– chromophore reactions 172

– extractives 181–183

– formaldehyde 169

– glucomannan 180

– green liquor 112

– kinetics 185–229

– levopimaric acid 183

– liquor composition 476

– low-lignin pulp production 323

– multistage 325–365

– nucleophiles addition 167

– processes 111–391

– reactions overview 183–184

– selectivity plot see selectivity plot

– tall oil soap 112

– technology and equipment 366–391

– toxic compounds 112

– transition metals 859

– white liquor 111

– xylan 179

– see also kraft process, see also lignin

kraft recovery boiler 980–985

– emission limits 1003

– schematic 981

– see also kraft chemical recovery

Kraft residual lignin, linkage frequencies 638

Kramfors process 465

Kubelka-Munk theory 610, 1279

Kvaerner compact press 557

Kvaerner double atmospheric diffuser 553

Kvaerner Dual mixer 620

Kvaerner Duflo impeller 618

Kvaerner Duflo pump 617

Kvaerner Jetmixer 621

Kvaerner pressure diffuser 555

Kvaerner’s Compact Feed system 381–382

l

Laboratory methods, material testing 1217

Laboratory sheets, optical properties

1279–1280

Laccase mediator-system, alternative bleaching

Methods 886

Lactic acid

– black liquor composition 968

– polysaccharide chain cleavage 662

laminar flow, Hagen–Poiseuille’s law

132–133

Index 1321

Langmuir isotherm 519

Laplace see Young–Laplace equation

Larix decidua, hemicelluloses, nonglucosic

Units 29

Larix sibirica, chemical composition of wood

latency, mechanical pulp 1137–1143