Composition 4

– cellulose 1047

– commercial paper pulp 1021

– compression forces 1275

– defibration 1083

– deflocculation 562

– deformation 1137

– deliberation 1113

– dimensions 1021, 1272–1275

– dry 1267, 1277

– Fagus sylvatica 45

– FSP see fiber saturation point

– hardwoods 4, 123–124

– heterogeneity 123

– hornification 1284

– identification 1269–1271

– material consumption, paper production

– morphology 180–181, 1051–1052,

1269–1271

– nano-structure 59–61

– native fibers 1047

– nonwood 9, 13

– oxygen 688

– ozone 807

– pits 123

– polymer components 1257

– polynosic-type 1027

– properties 1269–1280

– rattan 50

– recycled 1147–1210

– regenerated 7, 1047

– selective passage (screening theory)

570–572

– single see single fibers

– softening 1080–1083

– softwoods 4, 123

– specific surface 514, 1267

– strength properties 1036–1037

– stress-strain characteristics 1277

– suspended 1272

– viscose 1036–1037, 1061

– wet 1275–1277

– width 1273–1274

– wood cells 49

– X-ray diagrams 1264

– xylan 180–181

– see also pulp fibers

Fibrillar morphology, pulp 1047

fibrillar structure, cellulose 41–42

Fibrous bark, ring debarkers 77

Fick’s laws of diffusion

– first 142–143, 220, 517

– second 138, 152, 219, 518

Field emission-SEM 60

Filtrate concentration

– degree of closure 892–893

– open bleaching stage 892

Filtrate separator 990

Filtration behavior, pulp 1281

Filtration pressure, in relation to relative

Pressure washer capacity 536

Final bleaching

– chlorine dioxide 756

– peroxide 1038

Final chlorine dioxide stage, high

Temperature 765

Final pH

– chlorine dioxide bleaching 738

– oxygen delignification 705–706

Fines

– beech pulp 1020

– deliberation 1113

Finite difference method 228

Finite geometric progression 541