Electron microscopy, fiber morphology 1271

Electron spectroscopy for chemical

Application 1223

Electron-transfer reactions, lignin 170

Electronic structure, dioxygen 642

Electrophilic attack, ozone 790

Electrophilic attack sites, lignin 648

Electrophilic-nucleophilic reactions, (di)oxygen

and derivatives 647–649

Electrostatic precipitator, kraft recovery boiler

Elemental chlorine, redox reaction 736

Elemental chlorine-free bleaching see ECF

Bleaching

Elementary fibrils, cellulose 41

B-elimination, glycosidic bond 177

elimination reactions, lignin 169–170

Ellagic acid, structure 425

EMCC®

– dissolved lignin concentration at different

Digester locations 298

– effect of polysulfide 312

– process steps and flow regime 387

– residual lignin structures 262

– results 297–298

– single-vessel hydraulic digester 386

– technology and equipment 386–388

– yield–kappa number plot 248–249

Emission levels

– aquatic environment 1005

– Tasmanian 1005

Emission limits, selected 1003

EN 643, paper grades 1157

end-groups, reducing 657–660

energy balance, kraft recovery boiler 984–985

Energy consumption, TMP 13

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 40, 404

Enol ethers, formation 169

Enolic structures, hydroperoxide formation

Index 1309

Enone, nucleophilic addition 859

entrained air 534–535

– screening operating parameters 579

Environmental aspects

– elemental chlorine 771

– pulp production 997–1008

Enzyme treatment 1049