Flavonoids

– hardwoods 38

– softwoods 37

Flax fibers, cell dimensions and chemical

Composition 4

Flexibility, single fiber 1276

Flexural stress, resistance 1279

Flow discharger, Sulzer 627

Flow pattern, hydrocyclone 580

Flow rate, centrifugal cleaning operating

Parameters 587

Flow regime

– centrifugal cleaning theory 580–581

– EMCC®/ITC 387

– Lo-Solids™ process 389

– MCC 385

– screening theory 564–565

Flow vectors, screen basket 565

FlowHeater, Metso 622

FlowScraper

– Metso 625–626

Flue gas

– constituents 982–983

Index

– humidity 984

– kraft recovery boiler 985

– lime cycle processes 991

fluidization, pulp 614–615

Fluorescent dying, functional groups

Determination 1237

Foil rotor, cross section 564

Forces, acting on a particle in a hydrocyclone

Formaldehyde, elmination kraft pulping

Reactions 169

Formate

– hot caustic extract 961

– ozone decomposition, initiator 789

Formic acid

– black liquor composition 968

– cellulose protecting additive 819

– polysaccharide chain cleavage 662

Formylfurancarboxylic acid, formation 421

Foul condensate 978

Four-stage cleaning, cascade feedback

Arrangement 597

Fourier transmission infra-red 159

Fractional washing 528

Fractionation

– capacity, chip screens 91

– efficiency 590–592

– pulp 561–606

– screening and cleaning applications 594

fractionation index 591–592

– as function of the mass reject ratio 600

fractionation systems 594, 599–600

– design principles 594–596