What types of penalties do these definitions refer to?

1. leaves marks on driving record/involves paying a fine

2. driving rights are removed for a certain period of time

3. pay money as punishment for minor (petty) crime

4. do volunteer work such as teaching children about crime or cleaning up garbage

5. spend a certain amount of months or years locked away from society

6. spend the rest of one's life in prison with no chance of going back into society

3. Match these types of penalties to the right explanations:

Punishment	Definition
1. traffic ticket	a) involves spending the rest of one's life in solitary confinement with no chance of going back into society
2. license suspension	b) involves staying in one's home for a certain period of time
3. fine	c) involves removing driving rights for a certain period of time
4. house arrest	d) means doing volunteer work such as teaching children about crime or cleaning up garbage
5. community service	e) means spending a certain amount of months or years locked away from society
6. jail time	f) means paying money as punishment for minor (petty) crime
7. life imprisonment	g) involves paying a fine and leaving marks on driving record

Text 3: “Types of Punishment in the USA”

Task 1: read and translate the text

Punishments authorized in modern U.S. law include community service, monetary fines, forfeiture of property, restitution to victims, confinement in jail or prison, and death.
Crimes are punished according to their seriousness. More serious crimes are given harsher penalties. Penalties for crimes vary greatly from state to state.

In deciding an appropriate sentence, a judge may take into account your:

prior criminal record, age, other circumstances of the crime, including your cooperation with law enforcement officers.

Plea Bargains

A plea bargain is an agreement between the prosecutor and the accused person. The accused may agree to plead guilty to a crime in return for a lesser sentence. A plea bargain can occur before a trial or even during a trial. Plea bargains are usually extremely flexible and may result in the complete dismissal of all charges, reducing jail time to the payment of a fine, agreeing to life in prison in order to avoid the death penalty.

Probation and Parole

Probation is the suspension of jail time. If you are convicted of a crime, you may be sentenced to probation and allowed to remain living in the community under the supervision of a probation officer. Violating these terms may cause the court to end the probation and send you to jail to serve out the original sentence. At the end of the term of probation you are free of the state's supervision.

Parole is the conditional release of a prisoner before the prison sentence has expired.

Term of imprisonment

Solitary confinement is considered to be an effective measure. When an offender is barred from the rest of the world, deprived of normal social life, when he can't turn to anybody for help or advise, he has time to think about his life and behaviour. If he is later reformed (according to the assessment of prison board), then he should be sentenced to community service and supervision. But if he can't understand the cruelty of his behaviour, he faces life imprisonment.