Exercises. 1.Find in the text the English equivalents for the phrases below:

1. Find in the text the English equivalents for the phrases below:

1. мера побуждения со стороны государства

2. определенный решением суда

3. виновный

4. совершение преступления

5. ослабление или ограничение прав и свобод

6. возмездие; кара; заслуженное наказание

7. средство удерживания от совершения действий

8. ограничение правоспособности и дееспособности

9. приспособление совершивших преступные действия к условиям общежития

10. совершить правонарушение

11. остановить \ удержать любого от совершения правонарушений

12. месть

13. охватывать

14. лишение свободы

15. возмещение

16. уравнивать

17. в убывающем порядке

18. мелкие правонарушения

19. строгость(наказания)

20. общественный надзор

21. штраф

22. возмещение убытков

2. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the fundamental reasons for state punishment?

2. What are the general types of punishment in Western culture?

3. What is the main objective of punishment as rehabilitation?

4. What is the main objective of punishment as deterrence?

5. What kinds of punishment can you name?

6. How do you understand the purpose of state punishment?

3. Complete the sentences:

1. Punishment is applied to a person who …

2. Government punishes offenders for reasons that…

3. In Western culture fundamental justifications for punishment include:…

4. The aimofpunishment as deterrence is to deter everyone…

5. The goal of rehabilitation is to …

6. Imprisonment separates offenders from…

7. The most dangerous criminals may be…

8. Perhaps the oldest reason for the punishment of crimes is…

Text 2: “The General Types of Punishment in England”

Task 1: read and translate the text

A crime is a serious offence such as murder or robbery. A punishment is a penalty imposed on somebody who is convicted of a crime. A punishment could be, for example, time in prison or a fine.