Exercises. 1. Find the English equivalents for the following words and expressions in the text

1. Find the English equivalents for the following words and expressions in the text.

1. обвинитель (прокурор)

2. жертва

3. представитель государства

4. пострадавшая сторона

5. вне обоснованных сомнений

6. перевес доказательств

7. гражданская ответственность

8. иметь право на адвоката

9. незаконный обыск и конфискация

Text 2: “Civil cases”

Task 1: read and translate the text

A civil case involves a legal dispute between two or more parties, which can be either individuals or legal entities. The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff, the party being sued is called the defendant. There can be many plaintiffs and many defendants in one case. To begin a civil lawsuit, the plaintiff files a complaint with the court and serves a copy of the complaint on the defendant. The complaint describes the plaintiff's injury, explains how the defendant caused the injury. A plaintiff may seek money to compensate for the injury, or may ask the court to order the defendant to stop the conduct that is causing the harm. The defendant may also feel that there has been a wrong committed by the plaintiff, in which case a counterclaim will be filed.

To avoid the expense and delay of having a trial, judges encourage the litigants to try to reach an agreement resolving their dispute. In particular, the courts encourage the use of mediation, arbitration, and other forms of alternative dispute resolution designed to produce an early resolution of a dispute without the need for trial or other court proceedings. As a result, litigants often decide to resolve a civil lawsuit with an agreement known as a “settlement.”

If a case is not settled, the court will schedule a trial. In a wide variety of civil cases, either side is entitled under the Constitution to request a jury trial. If the parties waive their right to a jury, then the case will be heard by a judge without a jury.