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Expectations. Businesses have to form views about the future. When calculating the possible

Rate of return on future investment, they have to make assumptions about expected costs of capital

Goods and technological changes.

Consumption and investment. It is possible to increase standards of living today by reducing

Investment and increasing consumption. However, reducing investment is likely to reduce standards

Of living from what they might otherwise have been in the future. As with defence, the proportion

Of national income being devoted to investment will affect the standard of living of the population

Both now and in the future.

11.7.1.2. Read the text “Investment” and translate it into Russian without a dictionary.

Investment

Private investment aims at gaining profit only. National investment is exercised with the purpose

Of developing economy. Let us try to understand what is implied by two aspects of investment.

Firstly, investment is a real capital formation, such as the production or the maintenance of machinery,

Or the construction of dwellings, that will produce a stream of goods and services for future

Consumption. Investment involves the sacrifice of current consumption and the production of investment