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Senquence of tenses
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| Present Indefinite – Past Indefinite Present Continuous – Past Continuous | Дія залежного речення відбувається одночасно з дією головного. |
| Present Perfect – Past Perfect Past Indefinite – Past Perfect | Дія залежного речення є попередньою до дії головного. |
| Future – Future-in-the Past | Дія залежного речення здійснюється після дії головного. |
| Sequence of Tenses | |
| He lives in New York. I thought that he lived in New York. | Одночасна дія |
| Mother is sleeping. I knew that mother was sleeping. | Одночасна дія |
| He has returned from London. I was told that he had returned from London. | Попередня дія |
| He bought a new car. I heard that he had bought a new car. | Попередня дія |
| He will send us a letter. I supposed that he would send us a letter. | Наступна дія |
| Непряма мова | |
| При перекладі речень у непряму мову не забувайте застосовувати обставини часу, як вказано в таблиці | |
| Direct speech | Indirect speech |
| today yesterday tomorrow … ago this … here last year last month last … next … | that day the day before the next day … before that … there the year before the month before the … before the following … |
| Indirect statements | |
| He said He told me | “I am an engineer. I work at a plant. In the evening I study English” that he was an engineer and worked at a plant. He added that he studied English in the evening. |
| He said He told me | “I saw my friend yesterday ” that he had seen his friend the day before. |
| He said He told me | “We lived in Rome two years ago. My father worked there.” that they had livedin Rome two years before and explained that his father had workedthere. |
| He said He told me | “I shall tell you about it tomorrow. ” that he would tell me about it the next day. |
| Indirect questions | ||
| Special questions | He asked (me) He wanted to know He wondered | |
| “ Where do you live?” “ Where does he work?” “ What is Nick doing?” “ What have you prepared for today?” “ When did you come home yesterday?” “ When will your mother come home?” | where I lived. where he worked. what Nick was doing. what I had prepared or that day. when I had come home the day before. when my mother would come home. | |
| General questions | He asked (me) He wanted to know He wondered | |
| “Do you play chess?” “Does she go to school?” “Are you listening to me?” “Have you done your homework?” “Did you skate last winter?” “Will you see your friend tomorrow?” | if whether | I played chess. she went to school. I was listening to him. I had done my homework. I had skated the winter before. I should see my friend the next day. |
| Запам’ятайте випадки, в яких інфінітив вживається без частки “to”: |
| після модальних дієслів; після дієслів to let і to make; в складному доповненні після дієслів сприйняття: (to see, to hear, to feel, etc.); після виразів I would rather …, You had better … |
| Форми інфінітиву | ||
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite | to write | to be written |
| Continuous | to be writing | ¾ |
| Perfect | to have been written | to have been written |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been writing | ¾ |
Дата публикования: 2014-12-25; Прочитано: 230 | Нарушение авторского права страницы