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MUST; BE TO; HAVE TO; HAVE GOT TO
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| Uses | Present/Future | Past |
| 1) duty; obligation; strong necessity | I must go to class today. I have to go to class today. I have got to go to class today. | I had to go to class yesterday. |
| 2) lack of necessity (negative) | I don’t have to go to class today. | I didn’t have to go to class yesterday. |
| 3) prohibition (negative) | You must not open that door. | |
| 4) 90% certainty | Mary isn’t in class. She must be sick. (present only) | You must have been sick yesterday. |
| 5) plan; agreement | We are to meet at nine. | We were to meet at nine. |
| 6) order instruction | You must go here at once. You are to go there at once. | |
| 7) destiny (past only) | He was never o see his wife again. | |
SHOULD; OUGHT TO
| Uses | Present/Future | Past |
| 1) advisability; desirability | I should study tonight. I ought to study tonight. | I should have studied last night. I ought to have studied last night. |
| 2) 90% certainty | She should do well on the test. She ought to do well on the test. (future only) | She should have done well on the test. She ought to have done well on the test. |
SHALL
| Uses | Present/Future | Past |
| 1) polite question to make a suggestion | Shall I open the window? | ― |
| 2) future with “I” or “we” as subject | I shall arrive at nine. (will = more common) | ― |
Дата публикования: 2014-12-25; Прочитано: 244 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!
