Now complete these sentences using the words from the mindmap above

Examiner: I’d like to ask you some questions. What particles can we characterize as emboli?

Student: They are t _ _ ombi, gas b _ _ bles, pieces of t _ _ or, bacterial

c _ _ ts, bone fra _ _ ents, fat dro _ _ ets.

Examiner: Some more questions. How should embolism be considered in terms

of origin?

Student: It should be considered as t _ _ ombotic.

Examiner: Right you are. What dangerous situation does the presence of emboli lead to?

Student: It leads topartial or complete vascular o _ _ lusion.

Examiner: Precisely. So how is the potential consequence of thromboembolic events in arteries is the ischemic necrosis of down-stream tissue known?

Student: Such consequence is known as in _ _ rction.

Examiner: How can embolism be classified depending on whether the emboli move along with or counter to the normal blood- or lymph- flow?

Student: It can be classified as a _ _ egrade and re _ _ ograde.

Examiner: How do emboli travel in case of antegrade embolism?

Student: Emboli from v _ _ ins of greater circulation and the right part of the heart move into the lesser circulation. Emboli from p _ _ monary

veins, the left part of the heart and the a _ _ rta are transported into

a _ _ teries of the greater circulation: c _ _ onary, cerebral, organ, extremities. At last emboli from unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity are brought into the portal vein and into the liver.

Examiner: And embolism is an important component of various diseases, isn’t it?

Student: Yes, it is.Embolism is an important component of such pathological processes and diseases as

o _ _ ogenesis, acute c _ _ culatory disorders, d _ _ er’s disease,

s _ _ sis.

8 Complete each sentence by choosing the best ending from the list a – g below.

1. Emboli such as thrombi, gas bubbles, pieces of tumor, bacterial clots, bone fragments, fat droplets…

2. The presence of emboli results in…

3. A potential consequence of such thromboembolic events is the ischemic necrosis of down-stream tissue…

4. Embolism is classified as antegrade and retrograde/ 5. Emboli from unpaired organs of the abdominal cavity…

6. In the case of retrograde embolism…

7. Paradoxical embolism is a variety of antegrade embolism…

a) are brought into the portal vein and into the liver.

b) when the emboli travel uncharacteristically.

c) partial or complete vascular occlusion
d) depending on whether the emboli move along with, or counter to, the normal blood- or lymph- flow.

e) are particles and conglomerates not characteristic of the normal blood flow.

f) emboli move against the normal blood flow.

g) known as infarction.