Foreign Languages in the Life of an Educated Person

Today it is quite evident that everyone should know at least one foreign language.

Knowing one or more foreign languages makes it possible to get acquainted with different ways of thinking, to understand a new civilization. Learning a foreign language stimulates mental abilities and gives you a chance to appreciate a new literature, a different culture and to broaden your horizons.

Besides, knowing foreign languages has a practical value. It makes it easier to choose a profession and provides job promotion. At present many professions, such as a pilot, a doctor, an engineer and many others, require a working knowledge of at least one foreign language.

People all over the world speak almost 3,000 languages. Some languages are spoken by millions of people, others by only hundreds of them.

Among the great number of languages that exist on our planet today there are some, which stand out. Scientists distinguish 13 great languages. They are Chinese, English, Russian, Spanish, Hindi and Urdu, Indonesian, Arabic, Bengali, Portuguese, Japanese, German, French, Italian.

A person who knows several languages is called polyglot. They are not few. The name of Henrich Schlimann, a famous German archaeologist who discovered Troy is known all over the world. It took him two years to learn the first two foreign languages. Later on it took him several weeks to master another foreign language. The more languages man knows, the easier is the way he masters a new one. The knowledge of other languages is very useful, especially if you have to work abroad or if you must read foreign literature in the original.

English is becoming more and more the language for practical use.

English has become the world’s most important language in politics, science, trade and cultural relations, aviation, international sport and pop music. It is the official language in 44 countries. From the British Isles English spread all over the world.

It is known different languages can come into fashion or go out of it. It is generally considered that the most fashionable language in the world nowadays is English. Learning a foreign language has a practical value but the choice of a foreign language sometimes depends on a fashion. If under fashion we mean the demands of life and society, thus, the knowledge of a foreign language is a life necessity.

Упражнение 11. Закончите предложения, используя необходимые слова или словосочетания, данные ниже.

A:What parts does the automobile...?

B:It is made up of...

A: What is...?

В: The source of power is the...

A:What systems does the engine...?

В.:It includes...

A: What does the chassis...?

В.:The chassis....

A: What does the power train include?

B:The power train includes...

A:What units does the body comprise?

B:It comprises... and accessories such as...

A.:Thank you for your....

Engine, chassis, body, power train, running gear, steering system, brakes, clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, final drive, differential, rear axle, axle shafts, hood and fenders, heater, windshield wipers, information, conditioner, consist(s) of, the source

Occupation

what do you do? чем ты занимаешься?

what do you do for a living? чем ты зарабатываешь на жизнь?

what sort of work do you do? какую работу ты выполняешь?

what line of work are you in? в какой области ты работаешь?

I stay at home and look after the children я сижу дома и воспитываю детей

I'm a housewife я домохозяйка

Employment status

I've got a part-time job я подрабатываю

I've got a full-time job я работаю

I'm... я...

unemployed безработный(ая)

out of work уволился (уволилась)

looking for work ищу подработку

looking for a job ищу работу

I'm not working at the moment я сейчас нигде не работаю

I've been made redundant меня сократили

I was made redundant two months ago меня сократили два месяца назад

I do some voluntary work я выполняю волонтерскую работу

I'm retired я на пенсии

Who do you work for?

I work for... я работаю на...

a publishers издатательство

an investment bank инвестиционный банк

the council горуправу

I'm self-employed я работаю на себя

I work for myself я работаю на себя

I have my own business у меня своё собственное дело

I'm a partner in... я сотрудничаю с...

a law firm юридической фирмой

an accountancy practice бухгалтерской конторой

an estate agents агентами по недвижимости

I've just started at... я недавно начал работать в...

Place of work

where do you work? где ты работаешь?

I work in... я работаю...

an office в офисе

a shop в магазине

a restaurant в ресторане

a bank в банке

a factory на заводе

a call centre в телефонном центре

I work from home я работаю на дому

Training and work experience

I'm training to be... я прохожу обучение, чтобы стать...

an engineer инженером

a nurse медсестрой

I'm a trainee... я стажёр-...

accountant бухгалтер

supermarket manager менеджер в супермаркете

I'm on a course at the moment я сейчас прохожу обучение

I'm on work experience я прохожу практику (короткий период)

I'm doing an internship я прохожу практику (более долгий период)

Источник: http://www.english-easy.info/phrasebook/jobs.php#ixzz2U8DfvgSJ

Where are you from in the United States, Mark?

Откуда ты в Соединенных Штатах, Марк?

The West Coast. San Francisco.

С западного побережья.

Сан-Франциско.

Is it nice?

Хороший {город}?

Oh yeah. It’s a great city.

О, да. Это великолепный город.

Are you from London?

Ты из Лондона?

No, I’m from Cambridge. Нет, я из Кембриджа.

My family live there, but I live here in London. Моя семья живет там, но я живу здесь, в Лондоне.

Sorry. Прости.

Hello darling, how are you?

Привет, дорогая, как ты?

I’m fine, yeah. Я в порядке, да.

Don’t worry. Не волнуйся.

Fine, fine.

Отлично, отлично.

That’s great.

Это здорово.

Bye, darling.

До свидания, дорогая.

I love you.

Я люблю тебя.

Sorry. Прости.

That’s OK. Your wife?

Все нормально. Твоя жена?

No, no, my daughter. Нет, нет, моя дочь.

She always phones me when I’m traveling.

Она всегда звонит мне, когда я в отъезде.

How old is she? Сколько ей?

She’s nine.

Девять.

She lives with her mother in Los Angeles.

Она живет с матерью в Лос-Анджелесе.

We’re divorced.

Мы разведены.

Are you married?

Ты замужем?

No, I’m not.

Нет, я нет.

How old are you?

Сколько тебе лет?

That’s very personal!

Это очень личное!

What do you think?

Как ты думаешь?

Twenty-five? Twenty-six?

Двадцать пять? Двадцать шесть?

Thanks, I’m twenty-seven.

Спасибо, мне двадцать семь лет.

How old are you? Сколько тебе лет?

I’m thirty-four.

Мне тридцать четыре.

Would you like another drink? Хочешь еще напиток?

No, thanks. Нет, спасибо.

I have to go now, Mark.

Я должна идти сейчас, Марк.

Our first meeting’s at ten. Наше первое собрание в десять.

See you tomorrow. Увидимся завтра.

See you tomorrow, Allie.

Увидимся завтра, Алли.

Goodnight.

Спокойной ночи.

-Have you chosen your future profession?

-Yes, I want to be a guide or an interpreter.

-Why have you chosen to work in this field? What are your criteria?

-These professions are well-paid, interesting, and useful. These are the jobs which let you learn something new everyday. I find it interesting and challenging to solve new problems. At the same time I shall work with English and Russian, the languages I like. I shall also have a wide range of opportunities to see foreign countries and to communicate with native speakers.

-Do you have the needed traits of character?

-Well, i”m industrious, I think, this is a very important trait of character. I am also good at languages and communicative. My father says I am organized, reliable and practical.

-Wuold you like to be a programmer, for instance?

-No. This job requires thorough knowledge of mathematics and computers, whereas I am not good at these sciences.

-Many boys and girls want to be famous in their future. What about you?

- I don’t think about being famous. If I am famous, I shall be glad. I think, but most of all I want to have a good job and be a good specialist.

-Where would you study to prepare for your future profession?

- I shall try to enter the Philology Department of the State University. If I fail to enter, I shall take courses.

-When did you begin to think about your future profession?

-Whan I was a child. Then I knew my father was a technologist and I wanted to become a technologist, too. But later I understood that I could make a terrible technologist, since I am bad at chemistry and such subjects..

-Who helped you decide what you want to be?

- My parents supported me a lot, especially my mother. She helped me to understand myself.

Тема 1 - Урок 1 - Диалог 1

— Познакомьтесь, пожалуйста, это мой муж Виктор.

— Нина.

— А это Анна, моя дочь.

— Очень Приятно.

Тема 1 - Урок 1 - Диалог 2

— Познакомьтесь. Это мой муж Виктор.

— Очень Приятно. Нина.

Тема 1 - Урок 1 - Диалог 3

— Познакомьтесь. Это Нина, моя жена. А это моя мама.

— Очень приятно. Маша.

Тема 1 - Урок 2 - Диалог 1

— Как вас зовут?

— Меня зовут Анна. А вас?

А меня Андрей Петрович.

Тема 1 - Урок 2 - Диалог 2

— Как зовут вашу жену?

— Мою жену зовут Нина.

— А вашего сына как зовут?

— Дима.

Тема 1 - Урок 2 - Диалог 3

— Как вас зовут?

— Нина.

— А как ваш отчество?

— Петровна. Меня зовут Нина Петровна.

Тема 1 - Урок 2 - Диалог 4

— Как вас зовут?

— Виктор Петрович.

— А как зовут вашу Жену?

— Её зовут Нина.

Сколько вам лет?

Tема 1 - Урок 3 - Диалог 1

— Сколько вам лет?

— Мне сорок один год. А вам сколько?

— Тридцать восемь.

Тема 1 - Урок 3 - Диалог 2

— Когда вы родились?

— Я родился в тридцат втором году.

— Где вы родились?

— В Москве.

Тема 1 - Урок 3 - Диалог 3

— Сколько вам лет?

— Двадцать пять.

— А сколько лет вашей дочери?

— Дочери два года.

Тема 1 - Урок 3 - Диалог 4

— Где вы родились?

— В Крыму. А вы?

— А я на Урале, в Свердловске.

Где вы живёте?

Тема 1 - Урок 4 - Диалог 1

— Где вы живёте?

— Я живу в Москве.

— Где живут ваши родители?

— Они живут на Кавказе.

Тема 1 - Урок 4 - Диалог 2

— На какой улице вы живёте?

— На улице Горького.

— В каком доме?

— В доме восемь.

Тема 1 - Урок 4 - Диалог 3

— Где вы живёте?

— В Риге.

— А где живёт ваш брат?

— Он живёт в Москве.

Тема 1 - Урок 4 - Диалог 4

— На какой улице вы живёте?

— На Профсоюзной.

— А в каком доме?

— В доме два.

Где вы работаете?

Тема 1 - Урок 5 - Диалог 1

— Где вы работаете?

— Я работаю на заводе.

— Кем?

— Инженером.

Тема 1 - Урок 5 - Диалог 2

— Где работает ваша жена?

— В школе.

— Кто она по профессии?

— Она учительница.

—.avi Тема 1 - Урок 5 - Диалог 3

— Где вы работаете?

— В лаборатории.

— Кто вы по специальности?

— Лаборант.

Тема 1 - Урок 5 - Диалог 4

— Где вы работаете?

— На фабрике инженером. А вы где?

— А я в лаборатории.

— Кем?

— Лаборантом.

У вас есть дети?

Тема 1 - Урок 6 - Диалог 1

— Вы женаты?

— Нет. А вы?

— А я женат.

— У вас есть дети?

— Есть. Сын и дочь.

Тема 1 - Урок 6 - Диалог 2

— Ваша дочь замужем?

— Да.

— У неё есть дети?

— Нет, детей у неё нет

Тема 1 - Урок 6 - Диалог 3

— Вы замужем?

— Да, замужем.

— У вас есть дети?

— Есть. Сын.

Тема 1 - Урок 6 - Диалог 4

— У вас есть дочь?

— Есть.

— Она замужем?

— Да, замужем?

— У неё есть дети?

— Нет, детей у неё нет.

Где учится ваш сын?

Тема 1 - Урок 7 - Диалог 1

— Где учится ваш сын?

— В школе.

— В каком классе?

— В четвёртом.

Тема 1 - Урок 7 - Диалог 2

— Ваша дочь работает или учится?

— Она учится в университете на геологическом факультете.

— На каком курсе?

— На втором.

— Кем она будет?

— Геологом.

Тема 1 - Урок 7 - Диалог 3

— Ваш сын работает или учится?

— Он учится.

— Где он учится?

— В медицинском институте.

Тема 1 - Урок 7 - Диалог 4

— Вы работаете или учитесь?

— Работаю на заводе инженером. А вы?

— А я учусь в педагогическом институте.

— На каком курсе?

— На третьем.

— Кем вы будете?

— Учительницей.

Ecological situation in Russia для пособия

The analysis of ecological situation in Russia show that the crisis tendencies which appeared in the latest 15 years don’t get over and in several aspects becomes deeper inspite of the taken measures.

Russia with its saved huge tracts of forest (almost 65% of the total area of the country) has a very important meaning for ecodinamics. Together with some adjacent areas this massif forms The North Eurasian center of environmental stabilization which is the largest in the world and which importance for biosphere’s reconstruction will increase.

However 15% of the territory of Russia on which the main part of the population and industry is concentrated has unsatisfactory ecological condition and ecological safety is not guaranteed here. At that the specific indexes of the negative effects on the environment on the expectation of one person and units of gross domestic product in Russia are one of the highest in the world.

The excess of the allowed concentrations of the detrimental impurities is in the atmospheric air of 185 cities and industrial centres with the population of more than 61 million people (40% of the whole population of the country). The main sources of air pollution are still enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemistry and petrochemical industry, construction industry, power engineering, pulp and paper industry and motor transport.

The most unfavorable situation is in Arkhangelsk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Norilsk, Bratsk, Ekaterinburg, Kamensk-Uralskii, Kemerovo, krasnoyarsk, Nizhnii Tagil, Ufa, Sterlitomak, Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Novokuznetsk, Omsk, Cherepovets.

Subjective tests show that the percentage of the influence of the air pollution to the general children’s morbidity is 17%, grown up’s morbidity – 10% on average. Air pollution causes 41% of breathing organs illness, 16% of endocrine system illness, 2,5 % of oncological illness.

Not only local sources of detrimental impurities influence greatly on forest on lake’s ecosystems and agroculture but remote sources including foreign ones also have strong influence on it. More than 1 mln. tones of oxygenated sulfur of transorganical origin fall to the European part of Russia every year which is more than from the Russian sources of pollution. Essential contribution into Russian’s environmental pollution by oxygenated sulfur and nitrogen make Ukraine, Poland and Germany.

The quality of water in the most Russian water objects doesn’t meet health and fishing requirements because almost 40% of jettisonable into them sewages are concidered to be polluted. Almost half of the population of the country has to use water that doesn’t correspond health requirements because of bad water treatment and unsatisfactory condition of utility. The quality of drinkable water hasn’t become better.

The execution of water-purifying measures is carried out in the inadequate way because of the unstable work of the majority of the enterprises, their hard financial condition, insufficiency of budgetary funds.

The ecological condition of the agrocultural lands remains also unsatisfactory, the tendency of the lands degradation still exists. 43% of arable land decreases in its containing of humus and in the Nechernozemnaya zona the area of such soils is about 45 %. The lands with radiation pollution do not shorten.

Great damage to the condition of the vegetation world is made by uncontrolled storing of berries, mushrooms, valuable species of medicinal plants. The damage made by forest’s vermines and sicknesses, fires and illegal cutting of the forests is also great. Every year more than 300 thousands of afforestation dies of these reasons.

However we can point to some positive tendencies in the changing of the quantity of hunting animals. The process of stabilization and the upgrowth of the mammals which are considered to be hunting objects such as elk, wild boar and roe can be explained by the effectiveness of the fight against poaching, improvement of the condition of forage reserve of the hunting animals. Though the prognosis of the quantity of the sturgeon is not favorable and strict measures should be applied to the poaching.

Still the problems of the industrial and common wastes recycling, chemical nuclear and biological weapon destruction are very actual. There is a threat of the import of dangerous wastes to Russia. The serious danger comes from physically and moral outdated depositories of liquid radiation wastes and worked-out nuclear fuel, revealed atomic submarines. The high scale of deterioration of technological equipment on the chemical, petrochemical and microbiological enterprises leads to man-caused damages with further chemical infection of the territory.

The ecological condition of the country is characterized in details in annual state reports on the environmental condition in Russian Federation which are issued and are available to the consumers.