2.1. Суффиксы, указывающие на наличие соответствующих качеств и свойств. Такие прилагательные образуются от глаголов и существительных.
А. от глаголов:
| -able, -ible
|
| to move
| двигать
| movable
| подвижный
|
| to extend
| вытягивать
| extensible
| растягиваемый
|
| -ant, -ent
|
| to depend
| зависеть
| dependent
| зависимый
|
| to resist
| сопротивляться
| resistant
| сопротивляющийся
|
| -ive
|
| to explode
| взрывать
| explosive
| взрывчатый
|
В. от существительных:
| -al
|
| centre
| центр
| central
| центральный
|
| -ful
|
| use
| польза
| useful
| полезный
|
| -en
|
| wood
| древесина
| wooden
| деревянный
|
| -ic
|
| magnet
| магнит
| magnetic
| магнитный
|
| -ar
|
| circle
| круг
| circular
| круглый
|
| -ous
|
| advantage
| преимущество, выгода
| advantageous
| выгодный, благоприятный, полезный
|
| -y
|
| dirt
| грязь
| dirty
| грязный
|
| -ly
|
| day
| день
| daily
| ежедневный
|
2.2. Суффикс, указывающий на отсутствие соответствующих качеств и свойств:
| -less
|
| wire
| проволока
| wireless
| беспроволочный
|
2.3. Суффикс, указывающий на наличие признака в слабой степени или на принадлежность к национальности:
| -ish
|
| white
| белый
| whitish
| беловатый
|
| Pole
| поляк
| Polish
| польский
|
3. Суффиксы, образующие глаголы от прилагательных и существительных:
| -en
|
| length
| длина
| to lengthen
| удлинять(ся)
|
| weak
| слабый
| to weaken
| ослаблять
|
| -fy
|
| intense
| сильный
| to intensify
| усиливать
|
| simple
| простой
| to simplify
| упрощать
|
| -ize
|
| crystal
| кристалл
| to crystallize
| кристаллизировать
|
| real
| настоящий
| to realize
| осуществлять
|
4. Суффиксы, образующие наречия:
Наиболее распространенным суффиксом является суффикс -ly. Он обычно присоединяется к прилагательным и образует наречия образа действия.
| -1у
|
| practical
| практический
| practically
| практически
|
| easy
| легкий
| easily
| легко
|
| -ward (s)
| указывает направление:
|
| inward
| внутрь
|
| onward(s)
| вперед
|
| forward(s)
| вперед
|
| upward(s)
| вверх
|
| eastward(s)
| на восток
|
| Exercise 1.
| Read the following sentences and underline the suffixes in the words in italics. Write out each word and try to decide what the suffix means. Refer back to the table if you need help.
| |
| 1.
| Potential threats include the destruction of computer hardware and software and the loss, modification, theft, unauthorized use, observation, or disclosure of computer data.
|
| 2.
| Computers enable the creation of graphics that are so realistic that they appear to have depth, even though they are actually just two-dimensional images displayed on a flat monitor, television, or movie screen.
|
| 3.
| A Trojan horse may appear to be something interesting and harmless, such as a game, but when it runs it may have harmful effects.
|
| 4.
| Developments in the television and video worlds in 1992 weren't as dramatic as in audio.
|
| 5.
| The heart of the system is a laser beam optical code reader, a device that automatically reads coded labels applied to each item of baggage.
|
| 6.
| In addition to response to the whole range of optical frequencies, the new detector is sensible enough to distinguish 25 separate television programs that a single laser beam might be able to carry.
|
| 7.
| The objective of the new broadband microwave station in space is to learn how to extend the useful life of communications satellites and to avoid or overcome the effects of radiation.
|
| 8.
| Later in 1998 the company suffered further losses stemming from labor contract disputes with other segments of the company's staff, including flight attendants, machinists, cleaners, and other employees.
|
| 9.
| Although some doctors practice nuclear medicine as a full-time specialty, many more physicians in such fields as radiology, pathology, and internal medicine use aspects of nuclear medicine in their work.
|
| 10.
| Beginning in 1995, the shuttle flew a series of missions to the Russian space station Mir.
|
| | | | |
| The number of the sentence
| The word
| The suffix
| The meaning of the suffix
|
| 1.
| destruction
|
|
|
| 1.
| disclosure
|
|
|
| 2.
| depth
|
|
|
| 3.
| harmless
|
|
|
| 4.
| developments
|
|
|
| 5.
| reader
|
|
|
| 6.
| sensible
|
|
|
| 7.
| useful
|
|
|
| 8.
| machinists
|
|
|
| 9.
| physicians
|
|
|
| 10.
| Russian
|
|
|
| Exercise 2.
| Fill in the gaps with the correct suffix from the following list.
|
| -al
| -ence
| -ly
| -ship
|
| -ance
| -hood
| -ment
| -th
|
| -dom
| -ity
| -or
| -ward
|
| a.
| The growth in numbers of educational television stations in the past year is not the only index of active 1 __.
|
| b.
| A single fiber the wid 2__ of a human hair can transmit thousands of telephone conversations simultaneously.
|
| c.
| The current flow is caused by the voltage, or potential differ 3__, between the terminals.
|
| d.
| A conductor allows an electric current to flow through it, but it does not permit the current to flow with perfect free 4__.
|
| e.
| Scientists describe this relation 5__ between resistance, length, and area by saying that resist 6 __ is proportional to length and inversely proportional to cross-sectional area.
|
| f.
| An electric current is a move 7__of charge.
|
| g.
| Substances that do not allow electric current to flow through them are called insulat 8__s, nonconductors, or dielectrics.
|
| h.
| The element 9__unit of electricity is the absolute charge on a single electron or proton.
|
| i.
| General circulation week 10 __ papers often contain news of interest to people in a smaller area than that of a daily paper, an area such as a small city, town, or neighbour 11__.
|
| j.
| As an outer-shell electron jumps in 12__ to fill the inner-shell vacancy, the atom emits an X ray, a high-energy photon invisible to the eye.
|
