Provebs and Sayings

/u/: A fool at forty is a fool indeed. As a rule she is moody and rude.

//: How much wood would a woodpecker peck if a woodpecker could peck wood?

Упражнение 17.

Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на разницу
в произношении гласных /υ/ — /u/.

// /u/

1. The black soot was dirty. The black suit was dirty.

2. Lesley’s foot’s cold. Lesley’s food’s cold.

3. Does Emily think Teddy’s full? Does Emily think Teddy’s fool?

4. It was a long pull. It was a long pool.

//

1. That would be a good book to read.

2. The butcher is a good cook.

3. Undina should put more sugar in the Christmas pudding.

4. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood/

5. No one understood one woman in my neighbourhood.

6. That’s a good-looking wool pullover.

Упражнение 18.

Прочитайте вслух и запишите на магнитофон следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на разницу в артикуляции и звучании английских гласных // и /u/.

1. Luke looks terrible. 4. It’s foolish to have a full tank.

2. This shoe should fit. 5. They serve really good food.

3. Cook it and then let it cool.

Phoneme /j/ — voiced palatal approximant (semivowel).

Yes, beyond, unit, Europe, music, few, fuel, huge, million.

Упражнение А46.

/j/

jild ju

jel fju

jes ‘djuti

jet ‘bjuti

jαd kju

jon

Provebs and Sayings

/j/: You never know what you can do till you try.

You have made your bed, and you must lie on it.

Phoneme / з / — open-mid mixed unroundedvowel, tense.

Graphic Equivalents of the / з / Phoneme

Er term, serve, hertz, herpes, coerce, Percy

ear h ear d, ear th, p ear l, p ear ly

ir g ir l, f ir st, P ir bright

yr m yr tle, S yr tis, M yr midon, M yr na

ur f ur, b ur n, m ur mur, m ur derous, n ur se, p ur view, w ur st, W ur ttenberg

wor wor k, wor kaholic, wor kforce, wor m, wor d, wor ld-famous, wor ld-wide

our j our nal, j our ney, c our teous, c our tesy

Упражнение А47.

/з/

θзd kзs

зθ lзn

kзl ‘зli

ýзl ‘зnıst

hзd ‘pзfıkt

pзl ‘pзsn

Упражнение А48.

/з/

зd — hзt fз — fзz — fзst

зd — ∫зt kз — kзd — kзt

tзnd — bзnt з — bзnz — bзnt

Tongue-Twisters

/з/: Bert, Bert, tore his shirt riding on a lump of dirt.

Phoneme /\/ — open-mid mixed unroundedvowel, lax/

Graphic Equivalents of the /\/ Phoneme

A about, catabolic, logical, woman, dramaturgy, drama

e lett e r, cast e llated, presid e nt, D e Niro

i hol i day, procliv i ty

o c o rrect, cass o ck, Naunt o n, pr o fanity, pr o fession

u s u pport, nat u ropathy

Er farmer, order, demister, drollery, waiter

Or actor, denominator

ar doll ar, downw ar d

ure pict ure, pict ure sque, sculpt ure, sculpt ure sque

ou nerv ou s, monoton ou s

Our honour, colour

Упражнение А49.

/\/

'bıt\ \'ýen

'bet\ \'kз

'let\ \'bjuz

'sıst\ \'b¿d

'mÃð\ \'f¿d

'fαð\ \'fα

'∫ý\ \'sum

'leð\ k\n'dkt

'ýæðэ k\'nekt

'bÃt\ k\n'tınju

'∫Ãd\

'bзn\

'mæn\

Упражнение 19.

Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на разницу
в произношении гласных /з/ — /¿/:

1. /з/ 2. /¿/

1. They were unusual dresses. They wore unusual dresses.

2. What a long word! What a long ward!

3. Is that thing a worm? Is that thing warm?

4. Ernest wants to worship. Ernest wants the warship.

5. Dolly worked all night. Dolly walked all night.

6. The worst lasted three years. The wars lasted three years.

Упражнение 20.

Прочитайте вслух и запишите на магнитофон следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на разницу в артикуляции и звучании английских гласных.

1. Agnes gave birth to a fine healthy boy.

2. Birds don’t have beards.

3. David can’t get through Cecile – she seems to be in a world of her own.

4. Without waiting to hear her answer, Ernest stood up and walked away.

5. Does Jean know what the word ward means?

6. Both countries wanted to avoid a nuclear war.

7. Shena spend her earnings on new earrings.

8. Edith fears being first.

9. Kitty has worked herself up into a complete state about the exam.

10. Dick told me in no uncertain terms not to park near his house.

11. Ophelia warmed up the audience by telling them a few jokes.

Чередование гласных в ударной позиции

Ударная гласная в корне слова может звучать по-разному в зависимости от формы слова, например, nature /'neit∫\/ и natural /'næt∫³r\l/. Как правило, звуки /ei, i, ai, \, u/ встречаются в корне или в основе слова (часто слово заканчивается на немую гласную е). При добавлении суффиксов типа - ic, -al, -ity и др. произносятся звуки /æ, e, ı, , Ã/.

/ei/ /æ/ /i:/ /e/

grade graduate meter metric

grateful gratitude serene serenity

nation national supreme supremacy

sane sanity equal equity

state static athlete athletic

volcano volcanic to breathe a breath

/ai/ /ı/ /\/ //

mine mineral sole solitary

divine divinity atrocious atrocity

crime criminal provoke provocative

precise precision diagnosis diagnostic

type typical microscope microscopic

Bible Biblical close closet

/u/ /Ã/

reduce reduction

produce production

consume consumption

resume resumption

Упражнение 21.

Прочитайте вслух и запишите на магнитофон следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на разницу в артикуляции и звучании английских гласных.

1. It’s natural for children to love nature.

2. Take a deep breath, and then breathe out.

3. Do I sign my own name or get someone else’s signature?

4. Certain types of plants are typically grown indoors.

5. The produces thought the cost of production was too high.

6. Herbert could make some beautiful clothes with this cloth.

7. A person who comes from the South is called a Southerner.

8. Gertrude took a bath after sunbathing for three hours.

9. The metric system measures length in meters.

10. There was a story about the United Nations on the national news.

11. Many athletes get athletic scholarships to attend college.

Phoneme /r/ — voiced post-alveolar approximant.

Row, pirate, hurry, fry, crowd, drive, true, throw, prepare, street, wrong, rhythm.

Не произносится /r/ в словах: Mrs., iron.

Упражнение А50.

/r/

rid red

ræt rÃn

rÃf rd

'rid\ 'rul\

'veri 'mæri

'sevr\l k\'rekt

rı'memb\

Упражнение А51.

/r/

bred — pres frut

drim — tri θred

'brıtı∫ — 'prıti θri

dres — trend θræ∫

ýrid — krid frý

Упражнение 22.

Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на произношение сочетаний английских смычных взрывных с сонантами.

1. There’s a trunk / a drunk in a one-way street.

2. Victoria’s already crowing / growing.

3. Does Aubrey have no pride /bride?

4. Christopher’s found a land crab / grab.

5. Percy will try / dry it.

6. Serve the dish with pressed / breast meat and a green salad.

7. Earnest should praise / braise them.

8. The class / glass was large.

9. It was planned / bland.

10. Does Bert have any clue / glue?

11. They’re pleading / bleeding too much.

12. It’s an ugly plot / blot.

Phoneme /½/ — voiced palato-alveolar fricative.

Measure, casual, seizure, beige, garage, regime, occasion, Asian.

Упражнение А52.

/½/

ru½ 'me½\

'le½\ 'vı½n

dı'sı½n k\n'klu½n

ın'tru½n

Phoneme /t∫/ — voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.

Chew, which, watch, achieve, nature, actual, situation, question, cello.

Не произносится /t∫/ в словах: yacht, architect, chef.

Упражнение А53.

/t∫/

t∫iz 'tit∫\

t∫es 'temp\ret∫\

t∫æp 'lıt\r\t∫\

t∫uz

t∫k

t∫зt∫

it∫

Phoneme /d½/ — voiced palato-alveolar affricate.

Juice, major, adjust, injure, George, edge, age, exaggerate, region, magic, energy, gradual, educate, soldier, margarine.

Упражнение А54.

/d½/

d½ip 'd½зni

d½ım 'd½зki

d½est 'd½est∫\

d½æm 'd½entli

'd½зm\n 'vılıd½

'kÃrıd½

Упражнение А55.

/ ∫ /

∫ip — t∫ip ∫p — t∫p

∫it — t∫it '∫æt\ — 't∫æt\

∫ın — t∫ın '∫eri — 't∫eri

∫ıp — t∫ıp

Упражнение А56.

/t/ — /t ∫ /

tın — t∫ın tok — t∫ok

tæp — t∫æp kæt — kæt∫

test — t∫est bit — bit∫

tuz — t∫uz mæt — mæt∫

Упражнение 23.

Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на произношение английских согласных /t, t∫, d½, ½, ∫/.

1. Justin was such a child – he couldn’t even do his own washing. 2. Industry chiefs demanded tough measures against inflation.

3. Alice gave the dog old shoes to chew on.

4. The reforms were motivated by a genuine concern for the disabled.

5. John’s making too many generalizations about an issue that he doesn’t understand.