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Answer the questions. 1. Which parts of the airplane are used to control lift at low speed for takeoff and landing?
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1. Which parts of the airplane are used to control lift at low speed for takeoff and landing?
2. Which parts, installed one to each wing, operate in opposite directions (i.e., one up and one down)?
3. If the pilot lowers the elevator, what will the airplane's tail do?
4. What will this in turn cause the airplane's nose to do?
5. If the pilot moves the rudder to the left, what will the airplane's tail do?
6. What will this in turn cause the airplane's nose to do?
7. What motion will occur in an airplane with the elevator deflected up and the rudder deflected to the right?
8. What is a spoiler?
9. The Wright Brothers 1903Flyer had pusher propellers and the elevators at the front of the aircraft, hadn’t it?
1.10. Complete the gaps in the table with the names of airplane parts.
| … | The … holds the structure together and accommodate passengers and/or cargo. Modern aircraft … may accommodate up to 800 passengers in economy class (e.g. A380) and up to 112,700kg cargo (e.g. B747-400ER). |
| … | The …holds the command and control section of an airplane. Modern aircraft …have a number of vital instruments for controlling the airplane on the ground as well as when flying. |
| … | …generate lift and control the airflow while flying. …design is a crucial factor in aviation: a …is designed to reduce drag at the leading edge, generate lift by its crescent and manage airflow using the rear edge. Furthermore, while gliding (i.e. without engine power), the …allow the pilot to increase and decrease the descent rate. |
| … | …adjust the angle of attack of the wings, increasing lift. …are fitted at the leading edges of the wings, and deploying them increases the angle of attack of the wings, allowing the pilot to increase the lift generated by the wing. |
| … | … adjust the camber of the wings, increasing lift. … are normally fitted at the trailing edge of the wings. Extending the …increase the camber of the wings airfoil, thus increasing lift at lower speeds, an important feature for landing. |
| … | …adjust the camber of sections of the wings, decreasing lift. … are fitted on top of the wings, and are used to reduce lift on a section of the wing in a controlled manner. …are useful for decreasing lift without increasing the airspeed of the airplane or without increasing drag significantly. |
| … | …increase or decrease lift asymmetrically, in order to change roll and, thus, move the aircraft left or right while flying. …are hinged sections fitted at the rear of each wing. … work asymmetrically as a pair: as the right aileron goes up, the left one comes down and viceversa, thus making the aircraft roll right or left, respectively. |
| … | The… helps maintain an airplane's equilibrium and stability in flight. It does so by providing a mini wing at a certain distance from the main wings (typically at the back, although it can also be positioned at the from of the aircraft). This smaller wing produces enough lift to control the pitch of the aircraft and maintain its stability. Although an aircraft without a …could, in principle, fly with wings only, controlling its pitch and airspeed would be difficult, as pitch and, subsequently, airspeed can be easily disturbed by air conditions: as soon as the aircraft pitches up, the tendency is to continue pitching up even further and decrease airspeed; and as soon as the aircraft pitches down, the tendency then is to continue pitching down even further and increase airspeed. An aircraft with a…, however, could be flown hand-offs (once correctly trimmed) without affecting its pitch and speed. |
| … | …increase or decrease lift on the horizontal stabiliser symmetrically in order to control the pitch motion of an airplane. …are hinged surfaces fitted at the rear of the horizontal stabiliser. They work symmetrically as a pair: when the …are up, the aircraft ascends; when the …are down, the aircraft descends, and when the …are horizontal, the aircraft flies straight. |
| … | The …prevents lateral movements of the airplane. Without a…, most aircraft would lose lateral control, tend to slip, increase drag and become uncontrollable. |
| … | The …controls the yaw motion of an airplane. The …is a hinged surface fitted to the vertical stabiliser. When the …is turned to the left, the aircraft turns to the left in the horizontal plane; when the r… is turned to the right, the aircraft turns to the right. The… is used to turn the aircraft left or right on the ground. In the air, however, the …is primarily used to coordinate left and right turns (the turns themselves are done with the ailerons) or to counter adverse yaw (e.g. when crosswinds pushes the airplane sideways). |
Дата публикования: 2015-11-01; Прочитано: 447 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!
