Machines and work

to apply – застосовувати

to accomplish – здійснювати, виконувати

block and tackle – система двох або декількох блоків, з’єднаних канатом

exert – здійснювати, викликати

prime mover – машина-двигун, головний двигун

foot-pound – футо-фунт

translation – переміщення, зсув, прямолінійне пересування

go back and forth – рухатися назад і вперед

path – шлях

torque – момент обертання; зусилля, що скручує

torsion – крутіння, скручування

twist - крутіння, скручування

stress – тиск, натискання

resistance – опір

imply – означати

input – підведена потужність

output – ефективна потужність

effort – зусилля

exert force – докладати зусилля

time – хронометрувати, вимірювати

overcome – подолати

output of work – продуктивність роботи

utilize – використовувати

bear – переносити

braking devices – гальмівний пристрій

rate – швидкість, темп

Special Terms:

Machine: A device that applies force to accomplish an objective.

Force: An effort that results in change in motion or stress.

Work: The effect of a force multiplied by the distance through which it is exerted.

Block and Tackle: A variation of one of the basic machines; it uses the principle of a lever.

Prime Mover: A machine which converts energy from a natural source like water, wind, steam, or petroleum into mechanical energy or electricity. Most electric motors are not prime movers.

Foot-pound: Work is usually measured in terms of foot-pounds in the English-speaking countries. One foot-pound is a force of one pound through a distance of one foot in the direction of the force.

Linear Motion: Motion in a straight line; technically it is known as translation.

Reciprocating Motion: A linear motion that goes back and forth in the same path.

Rotary Motion: Motion in a circular path.

Torque: A force which produces torsion, a twisting stress or rotary motion.

Efficiency: A machine's ratio between work output and energy in­put.

Friction: The resistance to relative motion produced by two moving bodies in contact with each other.

Power: The rate or speed at which work is performed.

Newton: The unit of force required to accelerate one kilogram one meter per second.

Joule: An international metric measure of energy; one joule is ap­proximately.

Watt: An international metric measure of power equal to one joule per second; 746 watts are equal to one horsepower.

Kilowatt: A thousand watts; approximately 3/4 horsepower in the English system.