Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление различных ing-forms (инговых форм глагола)

1. Even with increasing numbers of local and federal law enforcement officers, the police don't have the ability to prevent every crime.

2. Soon after hiring private security, burglaries and robberies had decreased.

3. Americans have become accustomed to being watched by surveillance cameras.

4. The police chased after a fleeing suspect.

5. Detectives had been provided with valuable clue to use in solving this case.

ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ «А».

Прочитайте текст. Выпишите из него интернационализмы и слова, о значении которых можно догадаться без словаря (не менее 12 слов). Приведите их русскоязычные соответствия. Исключите слова, выписанные в контрольной работе № 3.

Text A

Crime Trends and Patterns

(Part II)

Race and Crime. The racial differences in the crime rate are one of the most controversial areas of the criminal justice system. At first glance, crime statistics seem to support the idea that the African Americans in the US are disposed toward criminal behavior. Not all of the data, however, support that assertion. The point to remember when reviewing statistical studies of minority offenders and victims is that they tend to focus on race, which distinguishes groups based on physical characteristics such as skin, color, rather then ethnicity, which denotes national or cultural background. Thus the bulk of criminological research in this area has focused on the differences between European Americans and African Americans, because the latter have been the largest minority group in the United States.

Age and Crime. The strongest statistical determination of criminal behavior appears to be age. Criminal activity has been, and continues to be, most pronounced among younger citizens. The young are also in more danger of being crime victims than other age group.

Guns and Crime. Victims' rights groups and gun control advocates argue that America's high rates of violence reflect the ease with which firearms are available to its citizens.

Drugs/Alcohol and Crime. The study of the rate that drugs and alcohol play in crime trends shows that eight out of every ten prisoners in the US were under the influence of alcohol or other drugs wile committing the crime.

Gender and Crime. As with age patterns, the statistics data show similar patterns with regard to gender and crime; that is men commit significantly more crime than females.

Career Criminals. Career criminal, or chronic offender patterns have had a significant impact on the criminal justice system. Law enforcement agencies have devised specific strategies to apprehend and prosecute repeat offenders. The federal and most states government have instituted sentencing policy designed to incapacitate career criminals.

7. Определите тематику текста «A», выбрав из предложенных вариантов 4 правильных, расположите их в последовательном порядке и переведите их.

This text …

· lists four written sources of American Criminal law.

· describes the rest six crime patterns mentioned in the first part of the text.

· explains the two basic functions of criminal law.

· mentions the role that guns and drugs play in crime trends.

· identifies two social process theories of crime.

· points our the most controversial crime pattern and the most stable ones.

· mentions about a significant impact of career criminal pattern on the criminal justice system.

8. Перепишите вопросы к тексту «А» и письменно ответьте на них.

1. What are the most controversial and the stable crime patterns?

2. What impact have career criminal patterns had on the criminal Justice system?

9. Письменно переведите выделенные абзацы текста «А».

ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ «B».

Прочитайте текст. Выпишите из него интернационализмы и слова, о значении которых можно догадаться без словаря (не менее 10 слов). Приведите их русскоязычные соответствия. Исключите слова, выписанные в контрольной работе № 3.

Text B

White-collar Crimes

(Part II)

Securities Fraud. This area covers illegal activity in the stock market. It includes stockbrokers who steal money from their clients and insider trading, which is the illegal trading in a stock by someone (or on behalf of someone) who has inside knowledge of the company.

Check fraud includes writing checks that are not covered by bank funds, forging checks, and stealing traveler's cheeks.

Insurance fraud involves making false claims in order to collect insurance payments under false pretenses; faking an injury in order to receive payments from a worker's compensation program.

Embezzlement. A form of employee fraud in which an individual uses his or her position within a corporation to embezzle, or steal, the corporation's money, property, or other assets.

Pilferage. A less serious form of employee fraud in which he or she steals items from the work place.

Bribery – also known as influence peddling, occurs in the business world when somebody within a company sells influence, power, or information to a person outside the company who can benefit. A county official, for example, could give a Construction Company a lucrative county contract to build a new jail. In return, the Construction Company would give a sum of money, also known as a kickback, to the official.

Tax Evasion. The practice by which taxpayers either underreport (or do not report) their taxable income or otherwise purposely attempt to evade a tax liability.

7. Определите тематику текста «В», выбрав из предложенных вариантов 3 правильных, расположите их в последовательном порядке и переведите их.

This text …

· lists four written sources of American criminal law.

· gives definition to tax evasion.

· describes crime trends and patterns.

· describes illegal activity that involves selling influence, power or information.

· explains the two basic functions of criminal law.

· gives definitions of different types of fraud.

8. Перепишите вопросы к тексту «В» и письменно ответьте на них.

3. What types of fraud are mentioned in the text?

4. What is the name of the illegal practice involving taxes?

9. Письменно переведите выделенные абзацы текста «В».

ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ «С».

Прочитайте текст. Выпишите из него интернационализмы и слова, о значении которых можно догадаться без словаря (не менее 8 слов). Приведите их русскоязычные соответствия. Исключите слова, выписанные в контрольной работе № 3.

Text C

Exploring the Causes of Crime

(Part II)

Trait Theories. Perhaps the most controversial trait theory explains criminal behavior by biological and psychological attributes of the individual. Many criminologists believe that the secret to crime is locked us the human body and the human brain. Psychological attempts to explain crime are based on the study of personality and intelligence and the development of a person's behavioral patters during infancy.

Sociological Theories. Crime is not something a person is «born to do» Instead, it is the result of social conditions. Those who are socially disadvantaged – because of poverty or other factors such as racial discrimination – are more likely to commit crimes because other avenues to «success» have been dosed off.

Social Process Theories. Individuals are drawn to crime not by general factors such as «society» or «community», but by the interactions that dominate everyday life. Crime is «learned behavior»; the «teacher» is usually a family member or a friend.

Social Conflict Theories. Crime is caused by the conflict crimes because of the anger and frustration they feel at being denied the benefits of society. The police courts and prisons are tools of oppression. Criminal laws are a form of social control to protect economic and social interests of the ruling class.

Определите тематику текста, выбрав из предложенных вариантов 3 правильных, расположите их в последовательном порядке и переведите их.

This text …

· links three crime cause theories to social conditions.

· sums up choice theory.

· explores four groups of theories that cause crime.

· names the most controversial theory.

· is about different types of law enforcement agencies of the USA.

· lists five main types of law enforcement agencies of the USA.

8. Перепишите вопросы к тексту «С» и письменно ответьте на них.

1. By what does the trait theory explain criminal behavior?

2. What crime causes theories are the most valid, in your opinion?

9. Письменно переведите текст «С».

ВАРИАНТ 2