TRANSLATION. A. Translate from English into Russian

A. Translate from English into Russian.

Business entities can be grouped according to the type of business activity they perform.

1. Service companies perform services for a fee. This group includes companies such as accounting firms, law firms, repair shops, and many others.

2. Merchandising companies purchase goods that are ready for sale and sell them to customers. They include such companies as auto dealer-ships, clothing stores, and supermarkets.

3. Manufacturing companies buy materials, convert them into products, and then sell the products to the companies or to the final customer. Examples are steel miles, auto manufacturers, and so on.

Most of the British companies are private. The number of state owned companies as telecommunications, water, gas has been decreased lately.

Companies in the private sector consist of two basic types: public and private. Public companies in general are large scale organizations such as banks, insurance companies and privatised companies. The number of public companies are fewer than that of private companies. Private companies on the whole are smaller or family-run business.

The difference between public and private firms on paper at least, can be found in their names the word “limited” (often shortened to “Ltd”) after a company’s name shows that it is private. On the other hand, the status of a public company is shown by the letters “plc” after its name. This is short for “public limited company”. In practice, however, the real difference between the two arises from the fact that private companies cannot raise money by selling shares, in contract to public companies which can do so by issuing shares and bonds to be offered for sale on the stock Exchange.

The size of the company is often measured in terms of its assets. Two major categories of assets are current assets and fixed assets. Fixed assets include property, plant and equipment. Current asets generally consist of cash, marketable securities, receivables, inventories and prepayments.

B. Translate from Russian into English.

Основными социально-экономическими формами организации предпринимательства являются: единоличное владение, партнерство и корпорация. Единоличное владение основано на собственности одного лица или его семьи. Его признаками являются: неограниченная ответственность; ограниченные возможности; максимальная гибкость и оперативность.

Партнерство базируется на собственности нескольких человек или семей. Основными признаками являются: неограниченная ответственность; ограниченные возможности; временный характер соглашения, разделения вклада, труда и доли доходов.

Корпорация представляет собой объединение собственности множества субъектов. Основной способ объединения – выпуск акций. Характерными признаками корпорации являются: широкие возможности в связи с привлечением капитала других юридических и физических лиц; длительность участия; ограниченная гибкость (действие устава).