EXERCISES. I. Read the following words paying attention to the pronunciation:

I. Read the following words paying attention to the pronunciation:

architect, actual, drawing, scale, blueprint, geography, progress, reduce.

II. Make up sentences of your own using the words and expressions given below:

to take a plan, to make a map, to make a blueprint, to fit, to draw to scale, to be similar to.

III. Put 6 questions to the text and answer them:

IV. Translate into Russian:

In choosing a scale, we always pick one that is convenient to work with—not too large for the paper we are drawing, nor too small to measure. The scale depends upon the size of the original object and how much it must be reduced.

Once a scale is chosen, the same scale must be used in drawing all parts of the same object. Whenever a scale drawing is made, the scale being used must be stated. It is usually written at the bottom of the drawing.

V. Translate into English:

Начертить план какого-либо предмета на бумаге в натуральную величину иногда бывает трудно. Если размеры предмета больше листа бумаги, на котором этот предмет нужно изобразить, то такой предмет чертят в уменьшенном виде. Если архитектор составляет план дома или чертеж «на синьке», то его чертеж должен быть намного меньше, чем действительный дом. Уменьшение размера называется черчением в масштабе. В масштабном чертеже каждая линия — это определенная часть той линии, которая существует в действительности.

TEXT

GRAPHS

A graph represents numerical relationship in visual form. By use of a graph we can show the relation between certain sets of numbers in an interesting, pictorial manner so that they can actually be seen.

The most commonly used graphs are: the pictograph, the bar graph, the line graph and the circle graph. In a pictograph, each picture or symbol represents a definite quantity. In a pictograph we use pictures of objects to represent numbers. The length of bars in a bar graph represents numerical facts. The bars are of varying length but of the same width. They are usually used to show¹ size or amount of different items or size or amount of the same item at different times. The bars of a vertical bar graph are drawn straight up and down, that is at right angles with the horizontal base line of the graph. The bars of a horizontal bar graph are drawn across the page.

The line graph shows the changes in a quantity by the rising or falling of a line. The position of the line with relation to² the horizontal and vertical scales represents numerical facts. The line connects a number of points.

An apportionment or distribution graph shows the relationship of all parts of a particular whole. The whole graph represents 100%. A chart which consists of a circle broken down into subdivision is called a circle graph. A circle graph is used to show how all the parts are related to the whole. The entire circle, which equals 360°, represents the entire thing.

Notes:

¹ are used to show – используются для того, чтобы показать

² with relation to – по отношению к