For maintaining cardiorespiratory endurance

There are several different training techniques that may be incorporated into a rehabilitation program through which cardiorespiratory endurance can be maintained. Certainly, a primary consideration for the sports therapist would be whether the injury involves the upper or lower extremity. With injuries that involve the upper extremity, weight-bearing activities, such as walking, running, stair climbing, and modified aerobics, can be used. However, if the injury is to the lower extremity, alternative nonweight – bearing activities, such as swimming or stationary cycling, may be necessary. In sport, such as soccer, that requires a considerable amount of running, training using appropriate nonweight – bearing activities will not keep the athlete “match fit.” The only way to achieve match fitness is to engage in functional activities

specific to that sport. The goal of the sports therapist is substituting alternative activities during rehabilitation is to try and maintain a cardiorespiratory endurance base so that the athlete may quickly regain match fitness once the injury has healed. These principles of the training techniques can be applied with running, cycling, swimming, stair climbing, or any other activity designed to maintain levels of cardiorespiratory fitness.

4.1. Listen to the text “Training Techniques For Maintaining Cardiorespiratory Endurance”.

4.2. Give its main idea in few words.

4.3. Answer the questions to the text.

1. Is there only one training technique that may be incorporated into a rehabilitation program through which cardiorespiratory endurance can be maintained? 2. What is a primary consideration for the sports therapists here? 3. With what injuries can weight-bearing activities be used? 4. What kind of activities can be used if the injury is to lower extremity? 5. What is the only way to achieve match fitness during rehabilitation?

4.4. Retell the text.

V. Text II.

ATP: THE IMMEDIATE ENERGY SOURCE

Energy is produced from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fat, and protein. This energy is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the ultimate usable form of energy for muscular activity. ATP is produced in the muscle tissue from blood glucose or glycogen. Glucose is derived from breakdown of dietary carbohydrates. Glucose not needed immediately is stored as glycogen in resting muscle and liver. Stored glycogen in the liver can later be converted back to glucose and transferred to the blood to meet the body's energy needs. Fats and proteins can also be metabolized to generate ATP.

Once much of the muscle and liver glycogen isdepleted, the body relies more heavily on fats stored in adipose tissue to meet its energy needs. The longer the duration of an activity, the greater the amount of fat is used, especially during the later stages of endurance events. During rest and submaximal exertion, fat and carbohydrates are used as energy substrate in approximately a 60% to 40% ratio.

Regardless of the nutrient source that produces ATP, it is always available in the cell as an immediate energy source. When all available sources of ATP are used, more must be regenerated for muscular contraction to continue.

5.1. Listen to the text “ATP: the Immediate Source”.

5.2. Read and translate the text “ATP: the Immediate Source”.

5.3. Answer the questions to the text.

1. What is produced from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fat, and protein? 2. For what purpose is this energy used for? 3. Where is ATP produced? 4. From what is ATP produced? 5. Glucose is derived from breakdown of dietary carbohydrates, isn’t it? 6. How is glucose stored? 7. Can the stored glycogen in the liver be later converted back to glucose? 8. What else sources of ATP are there to meet the body’s energy needs? 9. When does the body rely more heavily on fats stored in adipose tissue? 10. In which case is the greater the amount of fat used? 11. In what ratio are fat and carbohydrates used as energy substrate? 12. Is ATP always available in the cell as an immediate energy source? 13. What should be done for muscular contraction to continue?

5.4. Find English equivalents in the text for the following.

углеводы; годный к употреблению; расщеплять; удовлетворять потребности; первичный/элементарный; получать/извлекать; непосредственный; распад/расщепление; жиры; печень; жировой; источник; запасать/сохранять; немедленно/непосредственно; полагаться/нуждаться; длительность; усилие / напряжение; независимо от; пропорция/соотношение; имеющийся в наличии / доступный; восстанавливать/регенерировать; белки; мышечное сокращение; производить

5.5. Complete the sentences with logical endings.

1. Energy is produced from …. 2. This energy is used to produce.... 3. ATP is produced in the muscle tissue from …. 4. ATP is produced in the muscle tissue from …. 5. Glucose is derived from breakdown of …. 6. Glucose not needed immediately is stored as glycogen in …. 7. The longer the duration of an activity, the greater the amount.... 8. During rest and submaximal exertion, fat and carbohydrates are used as....

5.6. Insert articles if it is necessary.