SPEAKING. Join discussions with To curse the system To riot for Urgent measures Demands for In protest against Human rights To be forced to do To

Join discussions with To curse the system To riot for Urgent measures Demands for In protest against Human rights To be forced to do To grow oppressive

A wide range of Disarmament To reach an agreement on To grow oppressive Hawkish To be astoundingly poor People’s longings To strengthen order and stability Income tax

31. Make up news stories on the latest political events using the suggested words and phrases from the wordlist below. Exchange news with other groups.

To talk politics Co-operation A treaty on To reject Under a successor Consent To strike against To be insulated against To speak at a big rally To prevent from doing

To call on to do To beak the deadlock To raise the standard of living Reports say that To resign Attempted military coup To promote A spokesperson for To cut prices Steady rise in

WRITING

Opinion Essay

32. Share your views with a partner on the question “Should people convicted of minor crimes do community service rather than go to prison?”

Read the viewpoints and reasons mentioned in the table below, then listen to the tape and match each of the viewpoints with the appropriate reason. Finally, give a one-minute talk on the subject, using words from the following list.

I firmly believe	For instance	Finally
The reason for this	Furthermore	I strongly oppose
In addition	Because	The way I see
VIEWPOINTS	REASONS
1 Community service saves taxpayers’ money	A Punishment includes providing care for the aged, maintaining parks, etc.
2 Benefits other members of the community directly	B They keep their jobs, live at home with their families, etc.
3 Prison turns minor offenders into hardened criminals	C Prisons are expensive to run, while community service costs little
4 Minor offenders doing community service remain part of normal society	D To survive prison life, they must become like other prisoners

An opinion essay is a formal piece of writing. It requires your opinion on a topic, which must be stated clearly, giving various viewpoints on the topic supported by reasons and/or examples. You should also include the opposing viewpoint in another paragraph. A successful opinion essay should have: a) an introductory paragraph in which you state the topic and your opinion. b) a main body which consists of several paragraphs, each presenting a separate viewpoint supported by reasons. You also include a paragraph presenting the opposing viewpoint and reason why you think it is an unconvincing viewpoint. c) a conclusion in which you restate your opinion using different words.

Introduction Paragraph 1 State the topic and your opinion clearly Main Body Paragraph 2 Viewpoint 1 and reason / example   Paragraph 3 Viewpoint 2 and reason / example   Paragraph 4 Viewpoint 3 and reason / example   Paragraph 5 opposing viewpoint and reason / example Conclusion Final paragraph summarise / restate opinion

Useful tips:

· Decide whether you agree or disagree with the subject of the topic, then make a list of your viewpoints and reasons.

· Write well-developed paragraphs, joining the sentences with appropriate linking words and phrases. Do not forget to start each paragraph with a topic sentence which summarises what the paragraph is about.

· Linking words and phrases should also be used to join one paragraph with the other.

· Apply techniques to begin and end your essay.