Fractures and fissures

The term fractures is generally applied to cracks in rocks, large enough to be distinctly visible to the naked eye. The fractures may also come under the head of Joints, in which case they are joint fractures. Fractures are, like joints and faults, the result of the straining and cracking of rocks under pressures. According to the way motion takes place in the crust, certain portions may be stretched or compressed. By both these methods fractures and fissures may originate.

As a rule, fractures, like joints and faults, being due to stress, are straight, approaching as near as possible mathematical planes. Even in greatly disturbed, folded, faulted and jointed rocks, open fissures, larger than cracks, are relatively rare and unimportant. Near the very surface, the shrinkage of volume in rocks resulting from chemical changes, and the falling apart under the influence of gravity, cause many fissures, but these conditions are characteristic only near the surface. The rock encountered in the mines is much more solid.

2. Виявити загальновживані слова, які було перекладено термінами.

3. Скласти міні-словник.

Контрольні питання

1. Які лексичні одиниці підлягають термінологізації?

2. Чому у перекладі потрібно вживати терміни замість загальних слів?

Література: [4, с. 147-151; 10, с. 82-82; 14, с. 225-228].